GB_T 51437-2021 风光储联合发电站设计标准.pdf-solarbe文库

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UDC 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T51437一2021 风光储联合发电站设计标准 Standard for design of wind/PV/storage Power Plant 2021一06一28发布2021一12一01实施中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部，人。* 国家市场监督管理总局软一叹. 中华人民共和国国家标准风光储联合发电站设计标准 Standard for design of wind/PV/storage power plant GB/T51437一2021 主编部门中国电力企业联合会批准部门中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部施行日期2 0 21年12月1日中国计划出版社 2021北京中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部公告 2021年第124号住房和城乡建设部关于发布国家标准风光储联合发电站设计标准的公告现批准风光储联合发电站设计标准为国家标准，编号为 GB/T51437一2021，自2021年12月1日起实施。本标准在住房和城乡建设部门户网站www.moh盯d.gov. cn公开，并由住房和城乡建设部标准定额研究所组织中国计划出版社有限公司出版发行。中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 2021年6月28日月IJ舀根据住房和城乡建设部关于印发2012年工程建设标准规范制订、修订计划的通知}}建标〔2012〕5号的要求，标准编制组经广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准和国外先进标准，并在广泛征求意见的基础上，编制本标准。本标准的主要技术内容是总则，术语，基本规定，站址选择，风能、太阳能资源与电网特性分析，联合发电系统，联合发电功率预测系统，站区布置，电气，建筑与结构，给水排水、暖通与空调，环境保护与水土保持，职业安全，消防。本标准由住房和城乡建设部负责管理，由中国电力企业联合会负责日常管理，由上海电力设计院有限公司负责具体技术内容的解释。执行过程中如有意见或建议，请寄送上海电力设计院有限公司地址上海市重庆南路310号，邮编200025。本标准主编单位上海电力设计院有限公司本标准参编单位中国电力科学研究院有限公司国网电力科学研究院有限公司冀北电网公司中国电子工程设计院中国能源建设集团新疆电力设计院有限公司国网经济技术研究院有限公司上海艾能电力工程有限公司诺斯曼能源科技北京股份有限公司比亚迪股份有限公司复旦大学北京乾华科技发展有限公司于金辉袁智强李相俊吕平洋龚春景张子峰吴春秋谈红林海涛贾学翠朱柯丁波军仲刘叶何彪斌炜杜陈冯倩强鲁金刘汉民李淡张赫李超群李瑞林曹慧花赵霞马步云叶诚明张学庆毛建勤徐晓丽乌体振武魏林君赵霞张树森郭鹏王芝茗戴松元杨红英秦初升李爱武伍科苏建徽毅责峰汪蒋张本标准主要起草人员郭家宝惠东徐永邦孙耀杰张静舫陈文升杨慧徐利忠朱涛朱亚平冯春祥隋文正本标准主要审查人员许松林尹显俊汪洋张纯岗张军军陈发英赵春刚雷金勇董开升于辉张显立陈豪张宇苏适陆海陈志磊张盛忠刘云峰魏丹毅娟尤胡目次 1总则···················································1 2术语···················································2 3基本规定···················································5 4站址选择···················································6 5风能、太阳能资源与电网特性分析·····················8 5.1一般规定················································，··8 5.2风能资源分析·············································8 5.3太阳能资源分析··········································9 5.4风能资源和太阳能资源互补特性分析··················9 5.5电网特性分析·············································10 6联合发电系统···········································“11 6.1一般规定················································11 6.2联合发电系统配比·······································11 6.3主要设备选择·············································12 6.4风力发电系统·············································12 6.5光伏发电系统·············································13 6.6储能系统················································13 6.7联合发电站发电量计算·································13 6.8接人系统················································14 7联合发电功率预测系统·································19 7.1一般规定················································19 7.2硬件要求················································19 7.3软件要求················································20 7.4性能指标················································21 1 8站区布置···················································22 8.1一般规定················································22 8.2建构筑物的布置·······································23 8.3辅助生产配套设施布置·································23 8.4竖向布置················································24 8.5风力发电机布置··········································25 8.6光伏方阵布置·············································25 8.7储能系统布置·············运·························26 8.8站区安全防护设施·······································26 9电气···················································28 9.1一般规定················································28 9.2主变压器················································28 9.3电气主接线·············································29 9.4站用电系统·············································29 9.5直流系统及UPS······································;30 9.6配电装置················································31 9.7无功补偿装置·············································31 9.8电气二次················································32 9.9过电压保护和接地·······································35 9.1。电缆选择与敷设·······································36 9.11集电线路················································36 10建筑与结构················································37 10.1一般规定··················，·····························37 10.2联合发电站建筑·······································37 10.3联合发电站结构·······································38 n给水排水、暖通与空调·································40 11.1一般规定················································40 n.2给水排水················································40 n.3暖通与空调·············································41 2 12环境保护与水土保持····································43 12.1一般规定················································43 12.2环境保护················································43 12.3水土保持················································44 13职业安全···················································45 14消防···················································47 本标准用词说明················································48 引用标准名录···················································49 ，附条文说明···················································53 Contents 1 GeneralProvisions·······································1 2 Terms······················································2 3 Basicrequirements·······································5 4 Siteselection·············································6 5 Wind/solarresourceandgridcharacteristics analysis······················································8 5.1 General requirements····································8 5.2 Wind resource analysis·································8 5.3 Solar Resource analysis·································9 5.4 Wind and solar resource complementary characteristics analysis···················································9 5.5 Grid Characteristics analysis···························10 6 Combinedgenerationsystem···························11 6.1 General requirements····································11 6.2 Matching of combined generation system···············11 6.3 Maln equipment selection······························12 6.4 Wind generation system·································12 6.5 PV generation system····‘·‘’“”‘”’‘”‘””.”””””‘13 6.6 Energy storage system·‘·“’‘’‘”’‘”””””‘””··13 6.7 Calculation of generated energy by the combined generation system·‘“································13 6.8 Grid interconnection····································14 7 PowerforecastsystemofcombinedPowerstation19 7.1 General requirements····································19 4 7.2 Hardware requirements·································19 7.3 Software requirements·································20 7.4 Performance indexes····································21 8 CombinedPowerstationlayout························22 8.1 General requirements····································22 8.2 Building layout··········································23 8.3 Producing auxiliary facilities layout·····················23 8.4 Vertical layout··········································24 8.5 Wind turbine fayout····································25 8.6 PV array layout··········································25 8.7 Energy storage layout···········’‘·················26 8.8 Security facihties layout·································26 9 Electricsystem··········································28 9.1 General requirements····································28 9.2 Main transformer··········································一28 9.3 Main electric scheme····································29 9.4 Auxiliary power system··‘二“‘·“·‘二‘”””·····29 9.5 D.C.system and UPS····································30 9.6 EquiPment for power distribution·····················31 9.7 Equipment for reactive power compensation············31 9.8 Secondary electric system··············’二”’····32 9，9 OvervoltageProtectionandgrounding··················35 9.10 Selecting and laying of wires and cables···············36 9，11 Conective power hnes·································36 10 Building and structure·································37 10.1 General requirements·································37 10.2 Buildings for combined Power station·········‘·‘二“”37 10.3 Architecture structure for combined power station···38 5 11 Water supply and drainage，heating，ventilation and air conditioning····································40 11.1 General requirements·································40 11.2 Water supply and dralnage···························40 11.3 Heating，ventilation and air conditioning············41 12 Environmental protection，5011 and water conservation·············································43 12.1 General requirements·································43 12.2 Environmental Protection······························43 12.3 5011 and water conservation···························44 13 Occupational safety and health·····················45 14 Fire Protection and Prevention························47 ExPlanation of wording in this standard···············45 List of quoted standards···································· 49 AdditionExplanation of provisions·····················53 6 1总则 1.0.1为规范风光储联合发电站设计，促进可再生能源综合利用，制定本标准。 1.0.2本标准适用于发电装机容量为10MW及以上的并网新建、改建和扩建的下列联合发电站设计 1风力发电、光伏发电、电化学储能联合发电站; 2风力发电、电化学储能联合发电站; 3光伏发电、电化学储能联合发电站。 1.0.3风光储联合发电站的设计应以风能资源、太阳能资源条件以及电网接人条件等为设计依据。 1.0.4风光储联合发电站设计除应符合本标准外，尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。 2术语 2.0.1风光储联合发电站wind/PV/storag。power plant 由风力发电、光伏发电和电化学储能组合形成的联合发电站，分为风力发电、光伏发电、电化学储能联合发电站，风力发电、电化学储能联合发电站，光伏发电、电化学储能联合发电站。 2.0.2风力发电机组诚nd turbine generator SystemWTGS 将风的动能转换为电能的系统。 2.0.3风电场wind farm;wind power plant 由一批风电机组或风电机组群、机组单元变压器、汇集线路、主升压变压器及其他设备组成的发电站。 2.0.4光伏组件photovoltai。PVmodule 具有封装及内部联结的、能单独提供直流电输出的、最小不可分割的太阳电池组合装置，又称太阳电池组件。 2.0.5光伏组件串photovoltaicpVmodules string 在光伏发电系统中，将若干个光伏组件串联后，形成具有一定直流电输出的电路单元。 2.0.6光伏发电单元photovoltaicPVpower unit 光伏发电站中，以一定数量的光伏组件串通过直流汇流箱汇集，经逆变器逆变与隔离升压变压器升压成满足电网频率和电压要求的电源，又称单元发电模块。 2.0.7光伏方阵photovoltaicPVarray 将若干个光伏组件在机械和电气上按一定方式组装在一起，并且有固定支撑结构的直流发电单元，又称光伏阵列。 2.0.8光伏发电系统photovoltaicpVpower generation system 2 利用太阳电池的光生伏特效应，将太阳辐射能直接转换成电能的发电系统。 2.0.9光伏发电站photovoltaicPVpower station 以光伏发电系统为主，包含建构筑物及检修、维护、生活等辅助设施在内的发电站。 2.0.10平滑功率输出smooth the output fluctuation of wind/Photovoltaic 通过储能系统的调节，使并网输出的有功功率满足在给定的时间段内波动率小于设定值。 2.0.11跟踪计划出力track scheduled output 通过储能系统的调节，满足跟踪电网调度部门下达的风光储联合发电站出力曲线的要求。 2.0.12削峰填谷peak load shifting 通过储能系统的调节，在负荷低谷时段充电，在负荷高峰时段放电，进而实现对负荷的时空平移。 2.0.13集电线路collector line 分为光伏发电站集电线路和风电场集电线路。光伏发电站的集电线路是指在分散逆变、集中并网的光伏发电系统中，将各个发电单元逆变升压后的交流电能汇集输送至变电站的输电线路;风电场集电线路是指将每个风电机组升压后的电能汇集输送到变电站的输电线路。 2.0.14公共连接点point of common couplingPCC 电网中一个以上用户的连接处。 2.0.15并网点point of。ouplingPOC 对于有变电站的风光储联合发电站，指变电站高压侧母线或节点;对于无变电站的风光储联合发电站，指风光储联合发电站的输出汇总点。 2.0.16低电压穿越low voltage ride through 当电力系统故障或扰动引起风光储联合发电站并网点电压跌 3 落时，在一定的电压跌落范围和时间间隔内，风光储联合发电站保证不脱网连续运行。 2.0.17高电压穿越high voltage rid。through 当电网事故或扰动引起风光储联合发电站并网点电压升高时，在规定的电压升高范围和时间间隔内，风光储联合发电站能够保证不脱网连续运行。 2.0.18最大功率点跟踪maximum power point tracking MPPT 对光伏方阵输出的电压与电流变化跟踪控制，使光伏方阵直流输出功率保持在最大功率点附近，使光伏组件发挥最佳性能的自动调整功能。 2.0.19真太阳时solar time 以太阳时角作标准的计时系统，真太阳时以日面中心在该地的上中天的时刻为零时。 2.0.20电化学储能电站electrochemical energy storag。sta- tion 采用电化学电池作为储能元件，存储、转换及释放的电站。 2.0.21储能单元energy storage unit 电池组、电池管理系统及与其相连的功率变换系统组成的最小储能系统。 2.0.22储能换流器额定功率rated power of。onverter 换流器在额定电压电流及环境工况下持续稳定输出的最大功率，视为换流器额定功率，即储能系统额定功率。 2.0.23联合发电站监控系统coordination monitoring and control system 对风光储联合发电站站内风电、光伏、储能分系统及变电站进行协调控制的监控系统。 3基本规定 3.0.1风光储联合发电站应依据地区总体规划、风能资源、太阳能资源以及土地资源、电力系统条件、安装和运输等因素进行设计，满足安全可靠、经济适用、环保、美观、便于安装和维护的要求。 3.0.2风光储联合发电站设计在满足安全性和可靠性的同时，宜采用新技术、新工艺、新设备和新材料。 3.0.3风光储联合发电站设计应坚持节约资源、综合考虑社会经济效益的原则，从全局出发，统筹兼顾，近远期结合。 3.0.4风光储联合发电站设计时，应勘探和调查站址及其周围区域工程地质情况，查明站址地形地貌特征、结构和主要地层分布及物理力学性质、地下水条件等。 3.0.5风光储联合发电站建设前期，应获得拟选站址现场一年以上风能资源和太阳能资源同期连续观测数据。 3.0.6风光储联合发电站系统配置应有效抑制电力输出的波动 J性，电能质量应符合现行国家标准电能质量电压波动和闪变 GB/T12326、电能质量公用电网谐波GB/T14549、电能质量三相电压不平衡GB/T15543、电能质量供电电压偏差 GB/T 12325的规定。 4站址选择 4.0.1站址选择应根据国家可再生能源中长期发展规划、地方经济发展规划、地区自然条件、风能资源、太阳能资源、交通运输、接人电网及其他设施等因素确定。 4.0.2在选址工作中，应从全局出发，并应根据相邻农业、林业、牧业、渔业、工矿企业条件，结合城市规划、国防设施和人民生活需求综合确定。 4.0.3站址选择应根据电网结构、电力负荷、交通、运输、环境保护等要求和出线走廊、地质、地震、地形、水文、气象、占地拆迁、施工以及周围工矿企业对电站的影响等条件，经技术经济性比较后确定。 4.0.4风光储联合发电站防洪设计应符合国家现行标准风力发电场设计规范GB 5 1096、光伏发电站设计规范GB 50797、电化学储能电站设计规范GB 5 1048和变电站总布置设计技术规程} DL/T5056的规定。 4.0。5站址选择应避开危岩、泥石流、岩溶发育、滑坡的地段和发震断裂地带等地质灾害易发区。 4.0.6当采用风力发电、光伏发电混合布置时，站址应避开采空区;当风力发电、光伏发电分开布置时，风力发电机、储能站和变电站不应布置在采空区。当光伏方阵布置在采空区时，应进行地质灾害危险性评估，并应采取相应的防范措施。 4.0.7站址应选择在地质结构相对稳定地区，并与活动性断裂保持安全距离。站址所在地的抗震设防烈度应在9度及以下。 4.0.8站址选择时，光伏方阵区域应避开空气经常受悬浮物严重污染的地区，风力发电区域选址应避免与周边已有风电场之间的相互影响。 4.0.9站址应避让重点保护的文化遗址，不应设在有开采价值的露天矿藏或地下浅层矿区上。站址地下深层压有文物、矿藏时，应对文物和矿藏开挖后站址的安全性进行评估。 4.0.10站址选择宜利用荒地、劣地，并应做好植被保护，减少土石方开挖量，节约用地，减少房屋拆迁和人口迁移，不得破坏原有水系。 4.0.n站址选择应结合联合发电站达到规划容量时接人电力系统的出线走廊确定。 5风能、太阳能资源与电网特性分析 5.1一般规定 5.1.1风光储联合发电站设计应分析站址区域风能和太阳能资源及其自然互补特性，并应对相关的地理条件和气候特征进行适应性分析。 5.1.2风光储联合发电站进行风能、太阳能资源分析时，参考气象站应选择站址附近有风能、太阳能资源长期观测记录的气象站。 5.1.3在收集风能和太阳能资料时，针对风储联合发电站，应收集风能资料;针对光储联合发电站，应收集太阳能资料;针对风光储联合发电站，应收集风能和太阳能同时段资料，进行互补性分析。 5.1.4电站建设前期应在现场建立风能和太阳能资源测量站，测量站宜统一设置。 5.2风能资源分析 5.2.1电站测风塔的选址、测风塔仪器安装、测量与数据收集应符合现行国家标准风力发电场设计规范GB 5 1096和风电场风能资源测量方法GB/T 18709的规定，不应影响风光储联合发电站内光伏阵列区域的布置要求。 5.2.2基于风电场测风塔进行风能资源分析，测风塔应实测不少于一年的风速、风向及气压、温度数据，并应有效合理。 5.2.3气象站、测风塔数据资料的采集、检验、修正应符合现行国家标准风电场风能资源评估方法GB/T 18710的规定。 5.2.4风资源数据的分析、评价应符合现行国家标准风电场风能资源评估方法GB/T 18710的规定。 8 5.3太阳能资源分析 5.3.1参考气象站、太阳能辐射现场观测站设置、数据采集、数据验证与分析均应符合现行国家标准光伏发电站设计规范GB 50797的规定，并应满足风光资源互补特性分析要求。 5.3.2当利用参考气象站数据进行太阳能资源分析时，数据校验宜采用太阳能辐射现场观测站或拟建电站附近的光伏电站太阳能地面观测站数据。 5.3.3电站太阳能资源实时监测的站址要求、测量要素、测量设备的性能要求、仪器校验、安装要求和测量数据传输等技术要求，应符合国家现行标准光伏发电站太阳能资源实时监测技术要求 GB/T30153和光伏发电站太阳能资源实时监测技术规范NB/ T 32012的规定。 5.3.4电站内总辐射表的要求与安装维护、测量数据的采集及数据整理应符合现行国家标准太阳能资源测量总辐射GB/T 31156的规定。 5.4风能资源和太阳能资源互补特性分析 5.4.1风光储联合发电站应进行风能资源和太阳能资源互补特性分析。 5.4.2联合发电站出力计算时，时间尺度选择可分为分钟级、小时级或日级。当联合发电站按平滑功率出力模式工作时，风光资源互补特性研究的时间尺度宜为分钟级;按跟踪计划出力模式工作时，时间尺度宜为分钟级和小时级;按负荷削峰填谷模式工作时，时间尺度宜为小时级和日级。 5.4.3风光资源互补特性研究时，应选取现场典型日风电场出力曲线、典型日光伏电站出力曲线和典型日风光复合出力曲线进行，典型日应逐月选择与现场区域气象状况相对应的有代表性的气象日，典型日选取应满足下式要求几，j满足 m‘·「探百不石一，，一1，2，，M」5.4.3 式中Dj典型日，为标准差最小的那一天; N一个月中每一天风力发电或光伏发电或风力发电和光伏发电共选取的出力数据点数; X。一个月中第j天第艺个时段风力发电或光伏发电或风力发电和光伏发电叠加出力值; 叉一个月中各个时间段风力发电或光伏发电或风力发电和光伏发电叠加出力的平均值; M一个月中的总天数。 5.5电网特性分析 5.5.1电站设计应对站址所在地周边电网消纳电站的能力进行分析。 5.5.2电网消纳电站能力应结合电力系统负荷特性、电源结构和调峰能力等因素进行分析。 5.5.3风光储配比设计时应对电网的负荷特性，风电、光伏发电的出力特性进行综合分析，联合发电站功率调节能力应满足电网运行要求。 6联合发电系统 6.1一般规定 6.1.1风光储联合发电系统组合配比应根据风能、太阳能资源条件、场地条件和功能要求确定。 6.1.2风光储联合发电系统宜采用高压交流集电系统，不同类型的发电形式应采用相对独立的系统，不同发电类型应根据配比要求合理组合。 6.1.3风光储联合发电系统集电电压等级应经技术经济比较后选择，风力发电系统、光伏发电系统、储能系统的集电电压宜保持一致。 6.2联合发电系统配比 6。2.1联合发电系统容量配比应根据电网运行要求，研究各月典型日风光储联合系统的输出特性确定。 6.2.2风光储联合发电系统容量配比应根据平滑功率输出、跟踪计划出力、电力系统削峰填谷等电网调控模式，经技术经济比较后确定，并应符合下列规定 1采用平滑功率输出模式时，储能系统配置的额定功率不宜小于风力发电、光伏发电安装总功率的10，在额定功率下持续放电时间不宜小于0.sh; 2采用跟踪计划出力模式时，储能系统配置的额定功率