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Solargis data and simulation models Updates and improvements 13th PV Performance Modeling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan, China, December 2019 Marcel Suri 1 , Branislav Schnierer 1 , Tomas Cebecauer 1 , Vicente Lara Fanego 1 , Artur Skoczek 1 , Jose A. Ruz - Arias 2 1 Solargis , Slovakia and 2 University of Malaga, Spain13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 2 About Solargis Solar resource, meteorological and photovoltaic simulation data, software and expert services for power industry Prospection Project development Monitoring Forecasting 1000 Customers 100 countries 3500 projects per year 19 years of experience in solar industry13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 3 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation Introduction of 1 - minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 4 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation Introduction of 1 - minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 5 Solargis global albedo database Surface albedo Fraction of global solar irradiance reflected by surface Ratio of upwelling I u to downwelling I d radiative fluxes at the surface Why albedo Solar irradiance modeling radiative transfer models like clear - sky models multiple scattering effect PV modeling global irradiance on a tilted surface GTI of PV modules Solar Energy Journal publication One of the Best Papers published in the Solar Energy journal in the last two years topic Resources and Meteorology Chris Gueymard , Vicente Lara Fanego et.al -Surface albedo and reflectance Review of definitions, angular and spectral effects, and intercomparison of major data sources in support of advanced solar irradiance modeling over the Americas 2019 February, Solar Energy https//doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.040 “ Diffuse reflection “ GHI DHI DIF13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 6 Solargis global albedo database Global WSA White - sky albedo 12 monthly 1 annual data layers long - term average Time coverage 10 years 2006 to 2015, spatial resolution 1km13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 7 Solargis global albedo database Albedo variation Walnut, AmeriFlux 13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 8 Solargis global albedo database Albedo validation sites – daily data for year 2015 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec MORGAN MONROE Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec BONDVILLE Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec PONDEROSA PINE Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec DESERT ROCK Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec WALNUT GULCH Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec FORT PECK Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec WILLOW CREEK Measured 2015 LTA Solargis 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TABLE MOUNTAIN Measured 2015 LTA Solargis13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 9 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation Introduction of 1 - minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 10 Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model *New parameters *Recently added TSF – Time - series forecast TSH - Time - series historical LTA – Long time average climatology Acronym Time progression Full name TEMP TSH, TSF, LTA Air Temperature at 2 meters [ ° C] RH TSH, TSF, LTA Relative Humidity [] WS WD 10, 80, 100TSH, TSF, LTA Wind Speed and Wind direction at 10 , 80, 100 meters [m/s] WG TSF Wind Gusts at surface level [m/s] AP TSH, TSF, LTA Atmospheric Pressure [hPa] SNOW TSH, TSF, LTA Snow water equivalent [mm] WBT TSH, TSF, LTA Wet Bulb Temperature [ ° C] PREC TSH, TSF, LTA Precipitation [mm] PWAT TSH, TSF, LTA Precipitable water [kg/m 2 ] VIS TSH Visibility [km] DUST TSF, LTA Dust Surface Concentration [µg/m 3 ] ALBEDO TSH, LTA LTA, TS DailyOn request Parameters available in Solargis database ERA-5 meteorological model – provided by ECMWF Hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land and oceanic climate variables Global data coverage the Earth with 30 km grid Resolve the atmosphere using 137 levels from the surface up to a height of 80 km13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 11 Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Data validation – Air temperature TEMP av erage s td dev. P80 P90 P95 P99 BIAS [°C] 24h -0.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.7 3.1 day -time 0.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.7 3.2 night -time -0.6 1.4 1.7 2.3 3.0 4.9 RMSE [°C] hourly 2.4 - 2.9 3.4 3.9 5.8 daily 1.7 - 2.1 2.6 3.1 5.0 monthly 0.8 - 1.1 1.5 2.0 3.6 Bias RMSE NOAA Integrated Surface Database ISD network stations 11,516 stations were used Data period was going from 2006 to 2015 More at https//solargis.com/docs/accuracy - and- comparisons/meteo - data- accuracy13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 12 Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model New in Solargis database Wind gust, wind speed at 80 m Dust Source ERA5 ECMWF, GFS NOAA Time coverage from 1994 to date Spatial resolution 25 km Hourly data Work in progress Sources MERRA - 2 NASA, CAMS ECMWF Global coverage Spatial resolution approx. 71 x 57 km Hourly data13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 13 Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Risk factors – Factors accelerating performance degradation of PV modules Temperature high, low and short - term differences Humidity accentuated coupled with temperatures Wind Ultraviolet UV irradiation Deposition of air particles soiling Work in progress Categorized risk maps described intermsof probability of exceedingthe threshold P50 P75 P90 Moderate risk High risk Extreme risk13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 14 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation Introduction of 1 - minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 15 Improved PV simulation models Modern tools introduction13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 16 Improved PV simulation models New / updated meteorological and environmental parameters introduction Updated parameters Air temperature Wind speed Precipitable water Pressure AM New parameters Albedo Precipitation Dust Snow High resolution digital elevation model13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 17 Improved PV simulation models New / updated PV simulation procedure Single diode model with De Soto 5 parameters model § Detailed shading analysis § Simulation of DC cabling, mismatch losses § Components database Combined AM and PWAT correction global PWAT database SANDIA Inverter model § More precise inverter modelling, string sizing § Parameters from SANDIA CEC inverter databases Simulations can be executed at any time step 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 - minute13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 18 Improved PV simulation models 9 representative sites SAM and PVsyst , later Plant Predict is planned Year 2017, hourly data Currently for fixed tilt installation, centralized inverter, 1MWp power plant with C- Si modules Variants with/without inter - row shading Examples Validation of implemented simulations GTI effective – Sichuan DC out – Vanrhynsdorp DC out – Finland13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 19 Improved PV simulation models Current status Validations for fixed tilt installations are finished and simulation is available online Validation of horizontal trackers almost done, will be online soon Preliminary Floating PV installations simulation next slides Differences are in solar radiation models, solar geometry calculations this introduces error even at the beginning of simulation chain Further differences are introduced by different PV parameters and problematic matching of them between simulators13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 20 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation Introduction of 1 - minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 21 Floating solar model and validation Specific operating conditions of floating solar § Working temperature evaporation and cooling effect of water § Wind speed in comparison to the land § Albedo of water or mounting structures § Soiling § Different GTI received due to water movement wave induced mismatch § Corrosion and harsh environment Several types of constructions are available on market - impact on cooling of modules and movements of installation Currently not much scientific background on floating PV systems performance is available Production data from installed floating power plants are needed13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 22 Floating solar model and validation Preliminary floating solar model implemented in Global Solar Atlas v2 https//globalsolaratlas.info § Working temperature of PV modules based on air temperature and irradiation [1] § Wave induced mismatch estimation based on [2] § Floating pontoons oriented towards equator Monthly long - term averages of expected production Average hourly profiles Degradation is not considered [1] Lawrence, W., Ch., et al. Floating photovoltaic module temperature operation characteristics. Proceedings of the 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, September 2019, Marseille, France. [2] Dörenkämper , M. et al., Influence of wave induced movements on the performance of floating PV systems. Proceedings of the 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, September 2019, Marseille, France.13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 23 Floating solar model and validation Comparison to similar ground - mounted installations at the same site 17 sample sites in India and Africa Compensation of pre - defined losses default settings in simplified GSAv2 simulation input to make installations equal in inputs Yearly gain for floating installations in range from 1.5 up to 2.9 with seasonal variability due to sub - optimal shading conditions Comparison of floating solar with ground mounted PV Example site Gao, Mali Latitude 16.9500 ° Longitude -0.5667° Floating solar gain 2.313th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 24 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation 1- minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 25 1- minute data synthetic generator* 1- min synthetic data generator Syngen has been integrated into data delivery processes Stochastic data generator Markov chain processes Tailored to Solargis 15 10, 30 minute GHI, DNI data to 1 minutetransformation § Solar radiation – GHI, DNI, DIF, GTI § PV power output - PVOUT Enhanced variability of original time series or TMY On- the- fly adaptative construction of sky- type - aware probability transition matrices to match the local solar resource Four sky types are considered stable and low, medium and high variability DNI is computed from the synthetic 1 - min GHI data using DIRINDEX13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 26 1- minute data synthetic generator color indicates sky type GHI at Purwakarta, Indonesia DNI and DIF at Purwakarta, Indonesia13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 27 1- minute data synthetic generator System design for extreme situations Quality control methods are implemented to ensure the data consistency Grid integration issues Storage design Currently supported only for “manual“ data processing by the data delivery team13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 28 Agenda About Solargis Worldwide Albedo database Advanced meteorological data with ERA - 5 model Improved PV simulation models Floating solar model and validation Introduction of 1 - minute data synthetic generator Online accessibility of models and data Conclusions and future work13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 29 Online accessibility of models and data Models and data are available through https//apps.solargis.com/prospect13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 30 Online accessibility of models and data Additional info on website https//solargis.com/13th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop, Kunshan , China, Dec 2019 31 Online accessibility of models and data Online services Access through GUI Graphical User Interface Access through API Application Programming Interface Data delivery via FTP server “Offline” service – Syngen 1- minute data generator processing too slow Data applicat
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