【PVPMC】Fraunhofer-Boris-光伏电站的衰减：理论与实践-solarbe文库

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©Fraunhofer ISE/Foto Guido Kirsch© Fraunhofer ISEFHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL DEGRADATION IN PV POWER PLANTSTHEORY AND PRACTICE Boris Farnung, Klaus Kiefer, Björn MüllerFraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISEPVPMC Workshop ChinaKunshan, Dezember 2019 Klaus Reinartz, Igor Rauschen, Christian KlünterPohlen Solar © Fraunhofer ISE2FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsTheoryDirk C. Jordan, NREL 2016„Compendium of photovoltaic degradation rates“ is one of the most recognized scientific publications n “ We found mean degradation for c-Si technologies in the 0.8–0.9/year range” © Fraunhofer ISE3FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsExample for Performance guarantee n Linear warranty for PV Modules is state of the art n The manufacturer warranty is 0.7 Power loss per year https//www.photovoltaik-guide.de © Fraunhofer ISE4FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsPracticeThe PV power plants we have investigated n are in the power range from 500 to 1500 kWpn are located at different locations in Germanyn with a total of 200,000 PV modulesn With 80 central and 800 decentral inverters © Fraunhofer ISE5FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsPracticeA comprehensive Quality Assurance was done withn Precise module measurements of a selected sample of modules in our calibration laboratoryFrom all sites we have n Continuous independent monitoring data with over 99.5 availabilityn Regular and traceable calibrations of the irradiation sensors © Fraunhofer ISE6FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsResults of the long-term EvaluationTrend analysis in comparison to the initial values shown The average solar irradiance increased by 1.1 per year compared to the initial valuen Yields increased by an average per year of 0.3 Butn The average annual PRloss rate is - 0.7 PR Performance Ratio System level © Fraunhofer ISE7FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsResults of the long-term EvaluationThe first generation of the PV power plants was built in 2006 and 2007.n Over the operating period of 11 years, a PR of 82 was measured Location P nom PR Spread PRloss/year kWp in in Regenstauf 763 79.7 5.9 0.35Altenstadt 1512 80.4 3.8 0.78Rinteln 826 80.7 5.1 1.72 Bous 1 453 81.2 3.0 0.97Montabaur 1012 82.3 3.4 0.79Mahlberg 1252 82.4 3.5 0.18Ebersberg 497 82.6 4.0 0.14Kleinaitingen 1079 82.6 3.5 1.07Roth 1045 83.9 2.2 0.16Salzgitter 530 84.0 2.6 0.42Adelsdorf 1553 84.5 2.0 0.54 10522 82.2 3.5 0.65PR © Fraunhofer ISE8FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsExamples n Rinteln PR 80.7 /-5.1 near Hannovern PR loss per year 1.72 n Roth PR 83.9 /- 2.2 near Nürnbergn PR loss per year 0.16 © Fraunhofer ISE9FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsExample Rinteln PR fluctuation /-5.1, PR loss per year 1.72 Reasons for the negative PR trend n Failures of inverters and fusesn Soiling of the PV Modules In 2018n Repair of all defects was done n PV Modules were cleaned PR increase of 5 in 2019 compared to 2018PR loss rate is partly reversible © Fraunhofer ISE10FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsResults of the long-term EvaluationPV power plants built between 2009 and 2010 achieve a PR of around 88 Conclusion on system leveln The overall performance losses are low, with many systems less than 0.5n Inverter failures have the most effect on Performance loss rates on system level n Almost all of the observed performance loss are reversible Location Pnom PR Spread PRloss/year kWp Eschweiler 999 90.2 1.9 0.17Mülheim 984 85.9 2.2 0.05Kircheim 1001 88.8 1.6 0.09Murr 293 86.1 1.5 0.13Greven 999 90.6 1.2 0.15Dormagen 1003 90.0 3.7 0.33Großbeeren 910 88.3 1.8 0.37Butzbach 1002 91.4 1.6 0.37Langensebold 988 86.4 1.8 0.52Raunheim 999 89.6 2.4 0.59Kerpen 542 87.1 2.7 0.61Lahr 595 87.1 1.8 0.66Eching 829 86.5 2.8 0.71St. Augustin 999 88.5 3.0 0.75Sevetal 555 88.4 2.5 0.89Köln 713 87.5 3.1 0.91Ketsch 595 89.0 2.8 1.03Bargtheide 998 86.8 2.6 1.16Aichtal 553 81.3 3.2 1.23 14558 87.7 2.4 0.59 © Fraunhofer ISE11FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsPV Modules We put out PV Modules from different sites and did the following checks n Visual inspectionn ELU picturesn I-V Curve measurement before and after cleaning © Fraunhofer ISE12FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsSoiling of PV modules n Slight soiling of the PV Modules modules can be seen at the edgesn The outer cell row towards the frame is also partially affected. Soiling effects should be considered also in Germany n longer dry periods without rain as observed in 2018 2 more Power after cleaning © Fraunhofer ISE13FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsResults of the re-measurement of PV modules from the field n Blue Curve Measurements from 2009n Red Curve Measurements from 2018 © Fraunhofer ISE14FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsResults of the re-measurement of PV modules from the field n Blue Curve Measurements from 2009n Red Curve Measurements from 2018 © Fraunhofer ISE15FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsResults of the re-measurement of PV modules from the field n Blue Curve Measurements from 2009n Red Curve Measurements from 2018 © Fraunhofer ISE16FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsPV Modules Results of the re-measurement n Blue Curve Measurement 2008n Red Curve Measurement 2019 © Fraunhofer ISE17FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsPV Modules n After cleaning the PV modules look like new ones The electroluminescence analyses show no irregularities. © Fraunhofer ISE18FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsPV Modules Results of the re-measurement Location PV Modules Delta Year Ploss/yearDormagen Suntech 200 -1.50 8 -0.19Hedemünden Tenesol 200 -2.40 10 -0.24Kerpen Solara 220 -1.20 9 -0.13Bingen Kyocera 205 -0.80 10 -0.08Aichtal Kyocera 200 -0.70 8 -0.09Altenstadt SMD 200 -1.00 12 -0.08 Conclusionn PV modules show no remarkable Power loss after long-term operation © Fraunhofer ISE19FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsComparison of PR loss System/ P loss Module Conclusionn Power loss of PV Modules contributes only slightly to Performance loss rates Location years PRloss/year Pmloss/yearDormagen 8 -0.30 -0.19Hedemünd 10 -0.50 -0.24Kerpen 9 -0.50 -0.13Bingen 10 -0.40 -0.08Aichtal 8 -0.67 -0.09Altenstadt 12 -0.60 -0.08Average 9.5 -0.50 -0.14 © Fraunhofer ISE20FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Degradation in PV Power PlantsConclusion n PV Modules showed very small Power loss after 10 years of operation n The PV Modules are very stable and reliable n Inverter failures have the most effect on Performance loss rates on system level n Almost all of the observed Performance loss are reversiblen The loss rate depends very much on the speed of troubleshooting © Fraunhofer ISE21FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEOur Papers from 2019 related to this topicn Munich RE and Fraunhofer ISEFIRST RESULTS FROM A HIGH PRECISION INDOOR OUTDOOR PV MODULE MONITORING CAMPAIGN DEGRADATION IN PV POWER PLANTS THEORY AND PRACTICEn Pohlen Solar GmbH and Fraunhofer ISE © Fraunhofer ISE22FHG-SK ISE-INTERNAL Thank you for Your Attention Boris Farnung, Fraunhofer ISEboris.farnungise.fraunhofer.dewww.ise.fraunhofer.de