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Rating and sorting of mc-Si as-cut wafers in solar cell productionusing PL imagingJonas Haunschild n, Isolde E. Reis, Teodora Chipei, Matthias Demant, Benjamin Thaidigsmann,Michael Linse, Stefan ReinFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germanya r t i c l e i n f oAvailable online 7 June 2012KeywordsPhotoluminescence imagingmc-Si wafer qualityWafer ratinga b s t r a c tPhotoluminescence PL imaging is a promising characterization technique for rating and sorting ofmulticrystalline silicon mc-Si as-cut wafers concerning to their material quality. It is inline applicable andyields high resolution images showing recombination active defects from crystallization which inuencesolar cell performance. In this contribution the basic concepts in ongoing work concerning relevant defects,rating results, statistics, algorithms and general approaches for the rating are summarized. Since 2009wafers are sorted into ve quality classes at Fraunhofer ISE. Details on the rating criteria are given and threeexamples for application are presented i the impact of edge contaminations on the solar cell results, ii acomparison of wafer suppliers based on random samples from a statistical basis of 10,000 wafers and iiithe results of an advanced rating and sorting of wafers for the manufacturing of highly efcient MWT-PERCsolar cells. The results conrm that PL imaging can be used for a very precise rating of material quality.fax t 49 4588 9250.E-mail address jonas.haunschildise.fraunhofer.de J. Haunschild.Solar Energy Materials 有机和染料敏化太阳能电池的寿命及可靠性测试系统4. Solar Simulator / 太阳能模拟器VS - 0850 Series Class AAA solar simulator 3A 级太阳能模拟器VS - 0831 Calibrated Reference Cell 标定参考电池 / 标准太阳能电池5. Thermal controlled Test stage / 专业恒温测试探针台VS - 0821 Thermal controlled Test Stage; 温控太阳能电池测试台VS - 0822 Bifacial Solar cell Test Chuck 控温型双面电池测试台VS - 0823 Back Contact SC Test Chuck 控温型全背接触电池片测试台VS - 0824 HIT Solar cell test chuck 温控太阳能电池样品夹具VS - 0826 Si - Solar Cell Probe Station 硅太阳能电池测试探针台VS - 0827 EMC Shield Probe Station 电磁屏蔽测试探针台增值服务丗 1. 提供测试设备试用服务乮太阳能电池 I-V特性测试仪丆太阳能电池光谱分析仪丆硅片分选系统等乯2. 一级标准太阳能电池标定及二级标片的复制3. 测试方案咨询服务及国内外学术交流产品型号索引

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