美国国家清洁氢战略和路线图（英文版）.pdf-solarbe文库

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Table of Contents Executive Summary . . 1 Legislative Language 3 Foreword 5 Introduction 6 A National Decarbonization Goals . 10 H2Scale Enabler for Deep Decarbonization 12 Hydrogen Production and Use in the United States 14 Opportunities for Clean Hydrogen to Support Net-Zero 17 Challenges to Achieving the Benefits of Clean Hydrogen 24 B Strategies to Enable the Benefits of Clean Hydrogen 27 Strategy 1 Target Strategic, High-Impact Uses of Clean Hydrogen 29 Clean hydrogen in industrial applications 29 Clean hydrogen in transportation . 32 Power sector applications . 34 Carbon Intensity of Hydrogen Production 36 Strategy 2 Reduce the Cost of Clean Hydrogen 39 Hydrogen Production Through Water Splitting 40 Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels with Carbon Capture and Storage . 42 Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Waste Feedstocks . 45 Other System Costs 45 Strategy 3 Focus on Regional Networks 48 Regional production potential 50 Regional storage potential 52 Regional end-use potential 54 Supporting Each Strategy 56 C Guiding Principles and National Actions 58 Guiding Principles . . 58 Actions Supporting the U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap 61 Actions and Milestones for the Near, Mid, and Long-term . 68 Phases of Clean Hydrogen Development 73 Collaboration and Coordination 77 Conclusion . 80 Acknowledgments 81 Glossary of Acronyms . 82 References 83 Appendix A . 95 1 U.S. Department of Energy Executive Summary Given its potential to help address the climate crisis, enhance energy security and resilience, and create economic value, interest in producing and using clean hydrogen is intensifying both in the United States and abroad. Zero- and low-carbon hydrogen is a key part of a comprehensive portfolio of solutions to achieve a sustainable and equitable clean energy future. The United States is stepping up to accelerate progress through historic investments in clean hydrogen production, midstream infrastructure, and strategically targeted research, development, demonstration, and deployment RDD b i clean hydrogen production and use from natural gas, coal, renewable energy sources, nuclear energy, and biomass; and ii identifying potential barriers, pathways, and opportunities, including Federal policy needs, to transition to a clean hydrogen economy; c identifying i economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist in the major shale natural gas-producing regions of the United States; ii economic opportunities for the production, processing, transport, storage, and use of clean hydrogen that exist for merchant nuclear power plants operating in deregulated markets; and iii environmental risks associated with potential deployment of clean hydrogen technologies in those regions, and ways to mitigate those risks; d approaches, including sub-strategies, that reflect geographic diversity across the country, to advance clean hydrogen based on resources, industry sectors, environmental benefits, and economic impacts in regional economies; e identifying opportunities to use, and barriers to using, existing infrastructure, including all components of the natural gas infrastructure system, the carbon dioxide pipeline infrastructure system, end-use local distribution networks, end- use power generators, LNG terminals, and other users of natural gas, for clean hydrogen deployment; f identifying the needs for and barriers and pathways to developing clean hydrogen hubs including, where appropriate, clean hydrogen hubs coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs that i are regionally dispersed across the United States and can leverage natural gas to the maximum extent practicable; ii can demonstrate the efficient production, processing, delivery, and use of clean hydrogen; iii include transportation corridors and modes of transportation, including transportation of clean hydrogen by pipeline and rail and through ports; and iv where appropriate, could serve as joint clean hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage hubs; g prioritizing activities that improve the ability of the Department to develop tools to model, analyze, and optimize single-input, multiple- output integrated hybrid energy systems and multiple-input, multiple-output integrated hybrid energy systems that maximize efficiency in providing hydrogen, high-value heat, electricity, and chemical synthesis services; 3U.S. Department of Energy h identifying the appropriate points of interaction between and among Federal agencies involved in the production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen and clarifying the responsibilities of those Federal agencies, and potential regulatory obstacles and recommendations for modifications, in order to support the deployment of clean hydrogen; and i identifying geographic zones or regions in which clean hydrogen technologies could efficiently and economically be introduced in order to transition existing infrastructure to rely on clean hydrogen, in support of decarbonizing all relevant sectors of the economy. B REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 1 IN GENERAL.Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress the clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap developed under subsection a. 2 UPDATES.The Secretary shall submit to Congress updates to the clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap under paragraph 1 not less frequently than once every 3 years after the date on which the Secretary initially submits the report and roadmap.” 4