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Annual Report Harnessing the power of forests, trees and agroforestry 20 21 Several turning points offered new hope in 2021 the slowing of the Covid-19 pandemic through widespread albeit unevenly distributed vaccination, the launch of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, and the historic Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use. CIFOR-ICRAF also marked two critical turning points the successful completion of our three-year merger process and of the 10-year CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry FTA. Led by CIFOR-ICRAF in collaboration with partners, FTA’s contributions have resulted in millions of hectares of forests under restoration and better protection – and millions of people with improved food security and nutrition and the means to exit poverty. Now fully merged, CIFOR-ICRAF is generating more evidence of the transformative potential of trees and forests, with our research consolidated into five integrated themes trees, climate, soils, markets and governance. Our three holistic approaches – Transformative Partnership Platforms, Engagement Landscapes, and Flagship Products – are leveraging resources and partnerships across Africa, Asia and Latin America. We finished the year with a project pipeline of USD 430 million and harmonized internal management. We are making strong progress towards our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion goals and we now have a dynamic new website cifor-icraf.org. We have also launched a recruitment process for a Chief Executive Officer to take CIFOR-ICRAF to the next level. This report shines a light on some of our solutions to five global challenges deforestation and biodiversity loss, climate change, dysfunctional food systems, unsustainable supply and value chains, and inequality. Achievements include informing national policies in Peru and Viet Nam, applying new technologies in the Congo Basin and India, and co-creating solutions with partners and communities in Indonesia and Cameroon, all while integrating considerations of the rights of women, Indigenous Peoples and vulnerable rural communities. Exciting new projects launched in 2021 include Trees Outside Forests in India TOFI supported by USAID and the Agroforestry and Restoration Accelerator in Brazil in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Amazon Inc. 1.5 billion people have been connected through the Global Landscapes Forum, which continued to break new ground – most notably at the UN climate conference in Glasgow, which had over 1 million session views from 140 countries. And Resilient Landscapes is fast becoming a nexus between science and business, finance, government and civil society, with new projects starting in Papua New Guinea, Serbia and Brazil. As Chair of the Board Claire O Connor passes the baton to welcome Professor Getachew Engida, CIFOR-ICRAF now stands as one organization forged through shared values. Thanks to the generous support of our funding and strategic partners and the tireless efforts of our over 700 staff, we are well on our way to implementing our theory of change and realizing our vision of a more equitable world where forest and agroforestry landscapes enhance the environment and well-being for all. Getachew Engida Board Chair Robert Nasi Ex‐officio Trustee CIFOR, CIFOR Director General Tony Simons Ex‐officio Trustee ICRAF, ICRAF Director General Annual R epor t 2021 2 Board of trustees null Getachew Engida Board Chair null Doris Capistrano Vice Chair null Alexander Müller null Bushra Naz Malik null Kathleen Merrigan null Marja-Liisa Tapio-Biström null Kaoru Kitajima null Vijai Sharma null Government of Kenya Representative null Government of Indonesia Representative null Tony Simons null Robert Nasi Letter from the board and management 3 Reach publication downloads citations publications reached on social media website page views 2.5M 50k927 305M5.6M media articles 3.7k Worldwide presence CIFOR-ICRAF operates across 64 countries, with offices in 25 countries. We currently have 739 staff and 192 active projects. Partnership funding partners strategic partners 159 281 We are deeply grateful for the financial support of our funding partners and the collaboration of our strategic partners. For more information see page 22. Our decades-long host country agreements with Indonesia and Kenya reflect their global leadership and deep commitment to forests, trees and agroforestry. CIFOR-ICRAF expenditures 2021 For more information see page 21. total expenditure in 202185.7M Research areas CIFOR-ICRAF headquarters Annual R epor t 2021 4 Global challenges – and how to tackle them Our planet and the people who live on it are in the midst of a perfect storm of five interconnected global challenges deforestation and biodiversity loss, climate change, dysfunctional food systems, unsustainable supply and value chains, and inequality. Because each crisis affects the others, solving them requires whole- system responses that consider how all people are affected and the environment is impacted over time. Transdisciplinary science at CIFOR- ICRAF not only delivers holistic solutions but also ensures their relevance to national programmes and local communities, as shown throughout this report. By supporting local innovation rather than helicoptering in solutions from outside, we embrace cutting- edge science while working hand in hand with global, national and local communities to co-create and scale solutions that meet their needs. We operate transformative research. For example, we seek not only to understand how gender inequity compromises sustainable development, but also to shift power asymmetries to create a more equitable future for both men and women. – Fergus Sinclair, Chief Scientist C H A N G IN G W E A T H E R P A T T E R N S , H I G H E R T E M P E R A T U R E S P O L L U T I O N , L A N D A N D WAT E R D E G R A D A T I O N O N E - T H I R D O F G L O B A L G H G E M I S S I O N S BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND DEFORESTATION UNSUSTAINABLE VALUE CHAINS BROKEN FOOD SYSTEMS CLIMATE CHANGE HIGHER GHG EMISSIONS LESS POLLINATION MORE SEVERE FLOODS AND DROUGHTS I N E Q U A L I T Y A F F E C T I N G W O M E N , I N D I G E N O U S P E O P L E S A N D O T H E R M A R G I N A L I Z E D G R O U P S Five major global challenges interact with and amplify each other in myriad ways. 5 1 Thriving, diverse forests and farms 2 Climate-resilient ecosystems and communities 3 Sustainable, vibrant food systems 4 Green, equitable supply and value chains 5 Inclusive, rights- based participation Our way of working Our innovations Our network CIFOR-ICRAF is focused on contributing to a decisive shift in global trajectories from a future of environmental destruction and livelihood crises to one of prosperity and planetary health. Uniquely equipped to deliver transformative research, we harness the power of science and innovation to improve the benefits that forests, trees, soils and their sustainable management can provide to all humankind, for a more resilient, equitable and prosperous future. Our work is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement, as well as the three Rio Conventions. We continue to implement our 10-year strategy 2020-2030, working across five broad themes Trees and forest genetic resources and biodiversity; Climate change, energy and low-carbon development; Soil and land health; Sustainable value chains and investments; and Governance, equity and well-being. CIFOR and ICRAF are members of CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future see p. 16. In this report, find out what CIFOR-ICRAF is doing to create CIFOR-ICRAF delivers game- changing solutions to global and national challenges through three innovative approaches that are catalysing a positive shift in research for development across Africa, Asia and Latin America Transformative Partnership Platforms – alliances focused on critically important challenges Engagement Landscapes – geographic locations where we carry out concentrated, long- term transformative work with diverse and committed partners Flagship Products – initiatives that provide action-oriented insights into key global issues Find specific examples of these innovations throughout this report. The entities of the CIFOR-ICRAF network reinforce and advance our shared aim to unlock the potential of trees and forests to combat climate change, biodiversity loss and land degradation. See pages 16-19 for details. globallandscapesforum.org resilient-landscapes.org foreststreesagroforestry.org The right tree in the right place for the right purpose. Yangambi, DRC. © Axel Fassio/ CIFOR-ICRAF 1 Thriving, diverse forests and farms Our work on tree genetic resources, sustainable forest management, and soil and land health is supporting efforts to halt deforestation and revive degraded lands and habitats. 05 Annual R epor t 2021 6 Amid the onslaught of bad news about accelerating climate change and collapsing ecosystems, landscape restoration offers hope and a path forward. But how to ensure that restored areas stay restored What drives ‘permanence’ is a critical research topic for the global restoration agenda, especially as efforts are bolstered by the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021– 2030 and the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration to halt and reverse forest degradation by 2030. CIFOR-ICRAF has deep roots of engagement in Ethiopia, which is known for its commitment to restoration. In partnership with the United States Agency for International Development USAID, researchers applied the Stakeholder Approach to Risk Informed and Evidence-based Decision-making SHARED in the Oromia Engagement Landscape to identify factors that determine the permanence of a restored forest or agricultural ecosystem and whether this triggers habitat degradation elsewhere – i.e., ‘leakage’. Researchers used crowdsourced data from the Regreening Africa App, conducted household surveys and held stakeholder workshops. Findings showed that households practising permanent land restoration had at least one ‘most- demanded’ tree species near their farms or homesteads along with other diverse tree species. They tended to be wealthier, have larger land plots with livestock and were more aware of natural resource use bylaws and regulations. Households living further away from urban centres were more likely to contribute to leakage compared to those near cities. The main conclusion Assessing permanence should be incorporated into restoration planning early on. The Ethiopia work is a component of CIFOR-ICRAF’s Landscape Restoration Transformative Partnership Platform TPP, which aims to enhance the understanding of what works and what does not in particular socioecological landscapes. The TPP is co- generating and sharing locally relevant lessons through global comparative research on the various dimensions of land restoration. Supported by United States Agency for International Development USAID “This project demonstrated the importance of linking socioeconomic and biophysical drivers of degradation in order to design long- term land restoration options that reduce leakage and increase permanence.” Leigh Ann Winowiecki Team Leader, Soil and land health Beyond tree planting Landscape restoration that sticks Learn more www.cifor-icraf. org/landscape- restoration Read Building evidence on permanence and leakage for sustainable restoration outcomes Closing Peru’s national restoration gap Peru’s new national restoration strategy ProREST has at its heart a commitment to the landscape approach. This is thanks in part to long-term research and engagement by CIFOR-ICRAF, which Peru’s National Forest and Wild Fauna Service SERFOR recognized as a key provider of evidence- based recommendations to guide the strategy. SERFOR foresees ongoing collaboration with CIFOR-ICRAF on research and restoration technologies, technical support and documentation. Supported by SERFOR The Yangambi Engagement Landscape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an example of what you can achieve when you spend enough time in one place, getting to the crux of the issues affecting people and their environment. In fact, CIFOR- ICRAF’s ‘engagement landscapes’ concept was sparked by the impacts achieved through nearly 15 years of work with institutions and communities near the Kisangani–Yangambi urban–rural complex, co-creating solutions to forest degradation and poverty. Over 2 million trees have been planted since 2019, restoring over 2,300 hectares of land and creating over 3,400 seasonal and direct jobs. In a few years, the trees will be ready for use as biomass in a combined heat and power plant, now under construction. More than 220 masters and doctoral researchers have been trained through a 15-year collaboration with the University of Kisangani UNIKIS and 11 of these are women. Infrastructure upgrades to UNIKIS include about 5,500 square metres of state-of- the-art low-carbon buildings. Sustainable livelihood efforts are focusing on development of small-to-medium enterprises supporting 1,017 people, of whom 706 are women, sustainable charcoal with 106 charcoal makers trained and 19 community nurseries established, fish farming with over 5 tons already produced in cooperative fish farms, and agroforestry using fruit trees mixed with improved cassava, corn and peanut crops. Performance-based schemes are boosting entrepreneurship for women and men. The Congo Basin’s first eddy covariance-flux tower now rises 55 m above the Biosphere Reserve, assessing the forest’s potential to mitigate climate change through carbon capture. To curb the devastating impact of urban wildmeat consumption on forest biodiversity, an innovative campaign uses comic-strip-style posters and community theatre to change people’s perception around selling and consuming wildmeat. Finally, environmental education and outreach activities include a photo exhibit depicting the region’s history, music videos, over 3,250 primary- and secondary-school students participating in periodic workshops, and an animated film. Supported by European Union, Belgium, USAID Yangambi A proven model of engagement Learn more cifor-icraf.org/ yangambi- engagement- landscape Read When taking meat off the menu is not an option Fighting malnutrition in Congo Basin forests Watch Landscape restoration creates green jobs French 7 Construction of the Congoflux tower. Tshopo, DRC © Fiston Wasanga/ CIFOR-ICRAF The Global Comparative Study on REDD GCS REDD launched its fourth phase in 2021, building on over a decade of research on actions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhance forest carbon stocks. In Viet Nam, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MARD referenced GCS REDD global research findings on carbon rights and REDD benefit-sharing in a draft decree that, once approved, will be a criterion for receipt of results-based payments. In Peru