切换
资源分类
文档管理
收藏夹
最新动态
登陆
注册
关闭
返回
下载
相似
相似资源:
自然资源保护协会-中国水泥生产碳减排技术标准体系和碳排放权交易标准体系研究(执行摘要)-12页.pdf
中银国际:政策推动+盈利模式完善,迎接大储放量元年.pdf
中原证券:锂电池销量环比回落,短期谨慎关注.pdf
中泰证券:沿海动力煤价支撑仍强,焦煤需求旺季即将到来.pdf
中信建投:七月社会总用电量维持高增,水力发电量环比改善.pdf
中国上市公司碳中和信息披露质量报告(2020-2022)--西北工业大学.pdf
中国再生资源回收行业发展报告(2023).pdf
中国海外煤电投资建设风险预警研究报告——印度尼西亚国别研究-绿色和平.pdf
中国城市绿色低碳建材应用现状评估报告-中国建筑节能协会.pdf
招商证券:工具行业锂电化+智能化趋势下,中国制造从幕后走向台前.pdf
浙商证券:盘古智能-风机润滑系统行业龙头,布局液压变桨引领国产替代.pdf
粤港澳大湾区气候协同的空气质量改善战略研究报告--北京大学.pdf
引领城市空中出租车变革(英) Volocopter 2019-6.pdf
徐伟:双碳目标下的热泵发展.pdf
信达证券:电力消费增速有所收窄,重磅电改政策有望落地.pdf
中国臭氧-颗粒物和温室气体协同控制的中长期战略研究--北京大学.pdf
向人人享有环境可持续的经济和社会公正过渡-国际劳工组织.pdf
正当其时、适逢其势:2023中国基础设施REITs可持续发展行动调研报告-普华永道.pdf
浙江省产品碳足迹核算与碳标签推广研究--浙江经济信息中心.pdf
文明的温度:气候变化对西北地区生态、产业及文化遗产系统性影响评估(甘肃)--绿色和平.pdf
投资气候,投资增长-OECD.pdf
资源描述:
Executive summary State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2022Executive summary CARBON PRICING CAN PROVIDE THE IMPETUS FOR ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND RECOVERY More ambitious carbon prices can help close the gap between pledges and policy and “keep 1.5 alive.” Along with lowering emissions, carbon pricing can improve energy and industrial efficiency, limit reliance on imported energy, promote cleaner air, protect and regenerate landscapes, and provide a valuable source of government revenue. But adopting carbon prices remains politically challenging, particularly amid rising inflation and energy prices. There is a clear need to ensure policies are fair, effective, and embedded within integrated climate and social policies.Executive summary DIRECT CARBON PRICING CONTINUES TO BE ADOPTED BUT GLOBAL COVERAGE REMAINS LOW Worldwide, 68 carbon pricing instruments CPIs, including taxes and emissions trading systems ETSs, are operating and three more are scheduled for implementation. CPIs in operation cover approximately 23 of total global greenhouse gas GHG emissions. This represents a small increase in total global coverage as a result of four new systems commencing in the past year. The International Maritime Organization is considering placing a price on emissions from international shipping activities. If adopted, this would represent a major step in tackling global GHG emissions.Executive summary MAP OF CARBON TAXES AND EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEMS ETS implemented or scheduled for implementation Carbon tax implemented or scheduled for implementation ETS and carbon tax implemented or scheduled ETS implemented or scheduled, carbon tax under consideration Carbon tax implemented or scheduled, ETS under consideration ETS or carbon tax under consideration Indonesia Singapore Brunei South Africa Botswana New Zealand Mexico Kazakhstan Pakistan Canada Thailand Vietnam Malaysia Turkey EU China Colombia Chile Senegal Brazil Côte d’Ivoire Morocco Israel Iceland Argentina Uruguay California Japan Republic of Korea Norway UK Sweden Spain Romania Portugal Poland Netherlands Ukraine Lithuania Latvia Italy Ireland Greece Germany France Finland Estonia Denmark Bulgaria Belgium Luxembourg Liechtenstein Catalonia Slovenia Austria Switzerland Hungary Serbia Montenegro Sakhalin Oregon Jalisco Hawaii Washington Taiwan, China Shenyang Tokyo Tianjin Shenzhen Shanghai Saitama Hubei Guangdong except Shenzhen Fujian Chongqing Beijing Zacatecas Tamaulipas Pennsylvania Massachusetts Baja California TCI RGGI Manitoba Saskatchewan Québec Ontario Nova Scotia Alberta Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Newfoundland and Labrador New Brunswick British Columbia Carbon pricing initiatives are considered “scheduled for implementation” once they have been formally adopted through legislation and have an official, planned start date. Carbon pricing initiatives are considered “under consideration” if the government has announced its intention to work towards the implementation of a carbon pricing initiative and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources. TCI refers to Transportation and Climate Initiative. RGGI refers to the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.Executive summary Spain Latvia Poland Uruguay* Netherlands Argentina* United Kingdom Colombia Chile Switzerland Denmark* France Portugal Finland* Sweden Ireland* Slovenia Iceland Norway* Luxembourg* Ukraine Singapore South Africa Liechtenstein Canada** Switzerland RGGI United Kingdom Germany EU ETS Kazakhstan New Zealand Rep. of Korea 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 Carbon price USD/tCO2e Carbon tax ETS Share of GHG emissions covered in the jurisdiction Bubble size represents absolute covered total greenhouse gas emissions. *For CPIs that have multiple price levels, the price applying to the larger share of emissions is used. **This is a composite presentation representing total emissions covered by carbon pricing instruments under the Pan-Canadian Framework. It includes a combination of ETS-like and carbon tax-like instruments, implemented at both provincial and federal levels. Mexico* China National ETS Japan ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS COVERAGE, SHARE OF EMISSIONS COVERED, AND PRICES FOR CPIs ACROSS JURISDICTIONSExecutive summary CROSS-BORDER APPROACHES TO CARBON PRICING ARE INCREASINGLY GAINING TRACTION The European Union EU moved closer to adopting its carbon border adjustment mechanism, and Canada and the United Kingdom are exploring options for similar mechanisms. The International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization are advocating for an international carbon pricing floor. Some countries have moved toward the adoption of international climate clubs, including the proposed United States US-EU Carbon- Based Sectoral Arrangement on Steel and Aluminum Trade. These approaches can fortify domestic support, prevent carbon leakage, and encourage mitigation beyond national borders.Executive summary CARBON PRICES HAVE HIT RECORD HIGHS IN MANY JURISDICTIONS Record ETS prices were observed in the European Union, California, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea, among other markets, while several carbon taxes also saw prices hit their highest levels yet. A combination of policy reforms, anticipated changes, speculative investment interest, and broader economic trends, especially in global energy commodity markets, are driving these ETS price spikes. Nonetheless, prices must rise considerably more to meet the Paris Agreement temperature goals, as less than 4 of global emissions are currently covered by a direct carbon price within the range needed by 2030.Executive summary CARBON REVENUES HAVE INCREASED SHARPLY Global carbon pricing revenue increased by almost 60 in the past year, to around USD 84 billion. With prices rising and reduced free allocation, ETS revenues surpassed carbon tax revenues for the first time. Increasing carbon pricing revenues can support sustainable economic recovery, finance broader fiscal reforms, or help buffer countries from economic and international turbulence.Executive summary Carbon tax ETS ETS revenues surpass carbon tax revenues for the first time 74 66 53 53 51 33 26 34 47 47 49 67 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Billion USD GLOBAL CARBON PRICING REVENUES OVER TIMEExecutive summary MARKETS FOR CARBON CREDITS ARE GROWING RAPIDLY Credits from independent crediting mechanisms clearly dominate the carbon market. Annual voluntary carbon market value exceeded USD 1 billion for the first time, driven by corporate commitments. Compliance demand for carbon credits remains limited, though new rules for international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement provide clarity that may enable future growth.Executive summary GLOBAL VOLUME OF ISSUANCES BY CREDITING MECHANISM CATEGORY 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Million tCO2e Independent mechanisms International mechanisms Domestic mechanisms Verified Carbon Standard 62 Taiwan Offset Program 2.6 California Offset Program 3.6 American Carbon Registry 2 Gold Standard 9 CDM 11 Climate Action Reserve 1 Australia Emission Reduction Fund 3.6Executive summary DIVERSE PURCHASER PREFERENCES MAKE MARKET GROWTH UNEVEN Nature-based credits are in especially high demand forestry and land use transactions more than doubled between 2020 and 2021. Increasing demand for carbon removals has resulted in price increases for these credits. The voluntary carbon market continues to be strongly diverse, with purchasers placing widely different values on characteristics such as sector, geography, and perceived co-benefits.Executive summary NEW FINANCIAL SERVICES, TECHNOLOGIES AND GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS ARE SHAPING CARBON MARKETS Financial actors are becoming more active in the carbon market, while blockchain has enabled a new wave of decentralized financial innovations that show the technology’s potential but have reignited some long-standing concerns about transparency and quality. Diverse governance frameworks are emerging from stakeholders and institutions that aim to address concerns regarding the integrity of carbon credits and how companies use them. New rules on Article 6 increase certainty while also adding complexity to carbon credit markets and may lead to increasingly divergent approaches emerging across actors and geographies.
点击查看更多>>
收藏
下载该资源
京ICP备10028102号-1
电信与信息服务业务许可证:京ICP证120154号
地址:北京市大兴区亦庄经济开发区经海三路
天通泰科技金融谷 C座 16层 邮编:102600