FWC 2022 Greenhouse gas accounting report

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Greenhouse gas accounting report FIFA World Cup 2022™ 02 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report Contents Executive Summary 05 01. Introduction and context 09 Introduction and context 10 1.1 Reporting period 12 1.2 System boundaries 13 1.2.1 Organisational boundaries 13 1.2.2 Operational boundaries 14 1.3 Methodology 19 1.3.1 Data inventory and assumptions 19 1.3.2 Calculation principles 19 1.3.3 Methodology for the FWC 2022 stadiums 19 1.3.4 Global Warming Potential GWP 20 02. Results 21 2.1 Emissions per scope all three phases 23 2.2 Emissions per category and event 24 2.3 Emissions per phase 26 2.3.1 Preparation phase 27 2.3.2 FWC phase 29 2.3.3 Post-tournament phase 31 2.4 Hotspot emissions 32 2.4.1 Emissions from travel 32 2.4.2 Emissions from accommodation 34 2.4.3 Emissions from infrastructure construction and operation 35 2.4.3.1 Permanent venues 36 2.4.3.2 Dismantling 37 2.4.3.3 Temporary facilities 37 2.4.3.4 Operation of permanent venues and temporary facilities 38 03. Bibliography 39 04. Annexes 41 Annexe I Emission factors 42 Annexe II Assumptions and data sources 43 Travel 43 Accommodation 48 Temporary facility construction and demounting 49 Stadium construction and demounting 49 Stadium operation 50 Impressum 51 Cover page image Kayakers at Al Dhakhira Mangroves, Qatar © SC 03 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report List of tables Table of figures Table 1 Tournament organisers 11 Table 2 Events and activities within operational control 14 Table 3 Included activities and emission sources 16 Table 4 Overview of emission categories 17 Table 5 Applied global GWPs 20 Table 6 Key figures 23 Table 7 Results by scope and phase 26 Table 8 Results of the preparation phase by event or activity 27 Table 9 Breakdown of results of the preparation phase per event or activity 28 Table 10 Results of the FWC phase per event or activity 30 Table 11 Estimated GHG emissions from the post-tournament phase 31 Table 12 Estimated GHG emissions from travel per phase 32 Table 13 Estimated GHG emissions from attendees’ travel within the FWC phase 33 Table 14 Estimated GHG emissions from accommodation per phase 34 Table 15 Estimated GHG emissions from operations during the FWC phase 38 Table 16 Emission factor references 42 Table 17 Expected attendees for the FWC phase 43 Table 18 Estimations of attendee category origins 44 Table 19 Expected travel mode and origin of attendees 44 Table 20 Average distance of attendee flights 45 Table 21 Attendee distribution for test events 46 Table 22 International or domestic origin of attendees for test events 46 Table 23 Origin distribution of attendees for test events 47 Table 24 Average attendee flight distance for test events 47 Table 25 Average guest nights per accommodation type 48 Table 26 Average guest nights per accommodation type for test events 49 Figure 1 Overview of the reporting period 06 Figure 2 FIFA World Cup 2022 total GHG emissions per scope and main emission sources for each scope 07 Figure 3 Overview of the reporting period 12 Figure 4 Inclusion/exclusion criteria for emission sources 15 Figure 5 Emissions per scope Thousands tCO 2 e 23 Figure 6 Sources of GHG emissions Scope 1 pink, Scope 2 turquoise and Scope 3 yellow/orange Scope 1 and 2 72.32 thousand tCO 2 e, Scope 3 3.56 million tCO 2 e 23 Figure 7 Sources of GHG emissions Scope 3 3.56 million tCO 2 e 24 Figure 8 Distribution of emission sources for the FWC 2022 3.63 million tCO 2 e 25 Figure 9 Total GHG emissions distribution per event and activity 25 Figure 10 Total GHG emissions distribution per phase 26 Figure 11 Emission distribution of the preparation phase 27 Figure 12 Emission distribution of the FWC phase 29 Figure 13 Distribution of total travel emissions by mode across all phases 32 Figure 14 Distribution of FWC phase air travel emissions per attendee category 33 Figure 15 Distribution of FWC phase accommodation emissions per attendee category 34 Figure 16 Distribution of infrastructure construction and operations emissions 35 Figure 17 Distribution of FWC-specific seat construction of stadiums 36 Figure 18 Distribution of emissions from temporary facilities 37 04 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report Acronyms and abbreviations BEIS United Kingdom Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy CHSB Cornell Hotel Sustainability Benchmarking CH 4 methane CO 2 carbon dioxide CO 2 e carbon dioxide equivalent EPD Environmental Product Declaration FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association FCWC FIFA Club World Cup™ FWC FIFA World Cup™ GHG greenhouse gas GRI Global Reporting Initiative GWP Global Warming Potential IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change kg kilogram N 2 O nitrous oxide PMA Participating Member Association Q22 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 LLC SF 6 sulphur hexafluoride SC Supreme Committee for Delivery 2010 FIFA World Cup™ FIFA, 2010; FIFA Women’s World Cup 2011™ FIFA 2011; 2014 FIFA World Cup™ MGM Innova, 2013; and 2018 FIFA World Cup™ FIFA, 2016. It is important to note that each FIFA World Cup is unique in its context, organisation and delivery. Reflecting this, each event’s GHG emission inventory has defined boundaries that are specific to the respective event and have evolved from the previous one. While the boundaries of the current report are, to some extent, aligned with those defined in previous reports, the SC has been included as a reporting entity, expanding the boundaries to include key host country-related activities, such as the construction of stadiums and other venues used for the delivery of the FWC, allocating proportional impacts based on use. Thus, while some aspects of this GHG accounting are comparable to the estimated carbon emissions from past FWC events, each report needs to be looked at separately. For this reason, the purpose of this report is to understand the environmental impact of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 and how emissions can be mitigated and offset, rather than to compare results with previous or future events. 1.2.1 Organisational boundaries According to “The Greenhouse Gas Protocol GHG Protocol A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard – Revised Edition” GHG Protocol, three different approaches can generally be chosen to determine the organisational boundaries of GHG accounting World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2004. The reporting entity can choose to account for and report its GHG emissions according to either the equity-share, the financial-control or the operational-control approach. In this case, there are three tournament organisers, with FIFA being the main reporting entity. The following paragraphs will compare the different approaches and explain the reasons for selecting the operational-control approach. The equity-share approach is mostly relevant for corporate GHG accounting since it focuses on the economic risks and rewards in company operations and is closely aligned with a company’s ownership of operations. The financial-control approach is used when an entity has full financial control over operations, can direct the financial and operating policies of operations and has the right to the economic benefits. The operational-control approach is used when an entity has operational control over operations and can implement and influence the operating policies. For the FWC 2022, the operational-control approach was chosen. The organisational boundary is set from the perspective of FIFA, Q22 and the SC. They do not have financial control over all event operations, but they do have influence over all operations. The events and activities related to operating policies that FIFA, Q22 and/ or the SC have operational control over, can implement and can influence are presented in Table 2. © SC Inauguration of the 4th FWC 2022 Venue, Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium 14 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report 1.2.2 Operational boundaries According to the GHG Protocol, emissions are divided into direct and indirect emissions WRI and WBCSD, 2004. Direct emissions originate from sources owned or controlled by the reporting entity. Indirect emissions are generated as a consequence of the reporting entity’s activities, yet they occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity. In this GHG account, the tournament organisers are the reporting entities. Direct and indirect emissions are divided into three scopes Scope 1 all direct GHG emissions, such as emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers and vehicles, as well as fugitive emissions from the use of cooling; Scope 2 indirect GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, heat, steam or cooling consumed by the reporting entity; and Scope 3 other indirect emissions, such as emissions from the extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels, vehicles not owned or controlled by the reporting entity, outsourced activities and waste disposal. The included activities are presented in Table 3. The inclusion is made based on the inclusion/ exclusion decision process shown in Figure 4. Table 2 Events and activities within operational control Phase Events and activities Preparatory phase FIFA, Q22 and SC business operations related to the FWC 2022 Construction of permanent venues Construction of temporary facilities FIFA Club World Cup 2019™ FCWC 2019 FIFA Club World Cup 2020™ FCWC 2020 FWC Final Draw event FWC phase FWC 2022 matches FIFA World Cup banquet FIFA Fan Fests FIFA, Q22 and SC organisational operations related to the FWC 2022 Post-tournament phase Dismantling and logistics FIFA, Q22 and SC organisational operations related to the FWC © SC Aerial View of Al Janoub Stadium 15 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report Figure 4 Inclusion/exclusion criteria for emission sources Include Partial inclusion of emissions, following individual assessment Exclude Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N Do the emissions appear within the preparation to post-tournament phase Are the emissions under FIFA/Q22/ SC’s operational control Is consumption data available Are the emissions fully attributable to the FWC 2022 Can the emissions be estimated Are the emissions material © SC Smart City - Msheireb Downtown Doha - one of several accommodation options for visitors 16 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report Table 3 Included activities and emission sources Emission sources and activities Phase Transportation International and local transport for tournament organisers’ workforce and volunteers All phases International and local transport for attendees, participants and other tournament-time workforce e.g. stewards, concessionaires, etc. Preparation, FWC Accommodation Hotel accommodation for tournament organisers’ personnel and volunteers All phases Accommodation for attendees, participants and other tournament-time workforce e.g. stewards, concessionaires, etc. Preparation, FWC Venues Construction of stadiums and venues, including all life-cycle phases including extraction of materials, freight, energy, and emissions related to construction workers Preparation Construction of temporary facilities, including material use Preparation, FWC Venue operations related to the FWC Preparation, FWC Office operations related to the FWC All phases Tree nursery operations All phases Dismantling of temporary facilities Post-tournament Dismantling of stadiums and venues Post-tournament Logistics Freight transport All phases Warehouse operations All phases Goods and services Merchandise production Preparation Food and beverage Preparation, FWC Printed matter and marketing materials Preparation, FWC IT materials and online activities Preparation, FWC Media Media infrastructure Preparation, FWC Media operations Preparation, FWC To ensure that all material emission categories are included in the GHG accounting, all of the emission categories from the GHG Protocol were compared to the included event activities. Some emission categories are deemed to be not applicable to the event. The direct and indirect emissions from the different activities are divided into three scopes, as shown in Table 4. 17 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report Table 4 Overview of emission categories Emission category Emission sources Boundary Tournament activities Scope 1 Stationary combustion Generation of electricity and heat Included Venue operations Mobile combustion Company-owned or leased vehicles Included Transport Physical or chemical processing Manufacture or processing of chemicals and materials Not applicable No relevant activities Fugitive emissions Emissions from the use of cooling systems and air conditioning equipment Included Venue operations Scope 2 Electricity Purchased electricity Included Venue and office operations Steam Purchased steam Not applicable No relevant activities District heating Purchased district heating Not applicable No relevant activities District cooling Purchased district cooling Included Venue and office operations Scope 3 Purchased goods and services Purchased goods raw materials and services Included Construction Merchandise Printed matter Marketing materials Online media Capital goods Production of capital goods e.g. machinery, equipment, etc. Not applicable No relevant activities Fuel- and energy-related activities Upstream life-cycle emissions from fuel and electricity generation, including transmission and distribution losses Included Venue and office operations Upstream transportation and distribution Transportation and distribution of goods and services to the company Included Construction Logistics Dismantling Waste generated in operations Management of operational waste landfilling, recycling, etc. Included Venue and office operations Business travel Travel and accommodation of employees, contractors, volunteers and event attendees Included Included International air travel International ground travel Intra-city ground travel Accommodation Employee commuting Employee travel between home and work Outside of system boundaries Upstream leased assets Operation of assets leased by the organisation lessee in the reporting period and not included in Scope 1 or 2 Included Venue and office operations Downstream transportation and distribution Transportation and distribution of products sold by the organisation Not applicable No relevant activities 18 FIFA World Cup 2022™ Greenhouse gas accounting report Processing of sold products Processing of intermediate products sold by the organisation Not applicable No relevant activities Use of sold products Use of sold goods that require energy to operate Not applicable No relevant activities End-of-life treatment of sold products Waste disposal and treatment of sold products Not applicable No relevant activities Downstream leased assets Operation