2022年交通部门气候和能源基准（英文版）-世界标杆联盟.pdf-solarbe文库

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2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report October 2022 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report 2 Table of contents Table of contents 2 The 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector 3 Five key findings 6 Key finding 1 Even though over half of the assessed transport companies have set long-term net-zero targets, their low-carbon transition plans lack detail, depth and intermediate targets. This limits sufficient tracking of their progress towards the Paris goals. 6 Key finding 2 Transport companies are not using enough of their expertise and industry platform to drive key stakeholders to transition in line with the 1.5°C goal. They need to take decisive leadership towards reaching the climate goals, instead of relying on other stakeholders for solutions. 9 Key finding 3 Current research and development investments in emerging, unproven technologies and new business models in the transport sector will not close the emissions reduction gap in time. 12 Key finding 4 The vast majority of transport companies must accelerate necessary action immediately to make the low-carbon transition just and equitable, to prevent placing a workforce of millions at risk. 14 Key finding 5 Only a minority of transport companies demonstrate effective human rights due diligence – without adequate priority for human rights and decent work practices, a just transition will not be possible. 17 Sub-sector findings 19 Aviation 19 Shipping 20 Road 21 Rail 23 Multimodal 24 About the World Benchmarking Alliance 26 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report 3 The 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector We are running out of road. Without urgent action to limit climate change, the world will experience more extreme weather events, rise in sea levels and negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems and oceans. The IPCC’s 2022 Sixth Assessment Report Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability shows that global warming, exceeding 1.5°C in the coming decades, will cause increases in climate hazards and present a multitude of risks to ecosystems and humans. These will have a disproportionate effect on the poorest and most vulnerable populations for decades to come. In 2015, 196 countries signed up to the Paris Agreement for climate action. In the same year, 193 countries committed to the UN Sustainable Development Goals SDGs. However, the world still needs a major decarbonisation and energy transformation if we are to align global efforts to achieve the goals set out in the Paris Agreement and prevent the worst impacts of climate change. These goals include limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Moreover, efforts need to be carried out in a just and equitable way, so that no one is left behind. Yet, even after the 10th anniversary of the publication of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights UNGPs, companies are still lagging on due diligence processes. To accelerate action towards a just global decarbonisation and energy transformation, the World Benchmarking Alliance WBA has formed a strategic partnership with the Assessing low-Carbon Transition ACT initiative developed by ADEME, the French Agency for Ecological Transition. ACT has been co-developed with CDP, the world’s environmental disclosure platform. WBA is continuing to work in partnership with CDP to apply ACT assessments for the WBA Climate and Energy Benchmark. The WBA Climate and Energy Benchmark assesses companies in critically high-emitting sectors. It aims to assess 450 companies by 2023. The Transport sector1 is the latest in the Climate and Energy Benchmark series following Automotive, Electric Utilities and Oil and Gas. Transport is critical to achieving global decarbonisation it has the highest reliance on fossil fuels of all sectors. In 2021, transport accounted for 37 of CO2 emissions among all end‐use sectors. In the US, the transport sector accounted for 27 of total greenhouse gas GHG emissions in 2020, the highest of any sector. In China, transport accounted for 10 of total GHG emissions in 2021, with the share growing rapidly. The Paris Agreement serves as an accountability mechanism for states, as they need to report the progress on their national climate plans under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC. WBA’s Climate and Energy Benchmark aims to provide an accountability mechanism for corporate non-state actors, specifically key companies in high-emitting sectors, to track their progress and contributions to the Paris Agreement goals. WBA’s ACT assessments track companies’ low-carbon 1 Automobiles are excluded from the 2022 Transport Benchmark, but they were covered by the WBA 2021 Automotive Benchmark. 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report 4 transition, and the social assessments track whether they are transitioning in a just and equitable way. Details of how we integrate the two assessments can be found in our latest methodology report. In this way, the benchmark assesses and ranks high-emitting companies on their contributions to a just low-carbon transition, which includes respect for human rights through a due diligence process. We engage companies themselves in the process of the assessments and on the findings. We are also continuing to explore ways to track the private sector’s contribution to adaptation, access to energy and loss and damage. The Transport Benchmark assesses 90 keystone transport companies that have a disproportionate influence on achieving the Paris Agreement goals and the SDGs2. In line with the scope of the ACT methodology and available decarbonisation scenarios, this benchmark covers freight and passenger companies across air, rail and road, as well as sea freight shipping transport companies. The benchmark does not cover sea passenger transport companies. This benchmark is the first of WBA’s Climate and Energy Benchmark series that combines the ACT assessment and the just transition and social assessment to provide an overall score and ranking. By considering social and decarbonisation issues together, the benchmark can mobilise stronger action needed to hold companies accountable on contributing towards a low-carbon transition that leaves no one behind. The companies in this benchmark play a vital role in our societies and global economy, connecting the flow of people and goods across countries and around the world. Transport companies are heavily reliant on other sectors for their low-carbon transition the sector is more exposed to the oil and gas industry than any other, with more than 90 of its energy coming from crude oil-derived products. Collaboration across sectors is needed to scale up the use of sustainable fuels. Transport companies also need manufacturers to supply low-carbon vehicles, and they need infrastructure such as charging stations to operate these vehicles. Freight companies are also critical for functioning of supply chains – highlighted in 2021 when a container ship ran aground in the Suez Canal, halting international freight movement on this key shipping corridor. The sector was also heavily impacted by COVID-19 and geopolitical shifts with international conflicts have affected companies and stakeholders in various ways. Nonetheless, the climate crisis must continue to be addressed. Furthermore, in 2022, as people with the means to travel are returning to using aviation and long-distance rail and road transport, social challenges for workers in the sector have come to the fore and in Western Europe, strikes have become widespread. The imperative of a just and equitable low-carbon transition has never been more pressing in the transport sector. This report presents the five key findings from the benchmark results, as well as a deeper dive into findings across each type of transport mode used by the assessed companies. The findings are designed to provide investors, civil society and policymakers – as well as the companies themselves – with the insights they need to take action. WBA’s mission is to build a movement to measure and incentivise business impact towards a sustainable future that works for everyone. Working with 330 organisations in our Alliance, we envision a society that values the success of business by what it contributes to the world. To achieve this, we need all actors in the ecosystem to drive the needed transformations. 2 53 32 of the publicly listed companies in Transition Pathway Initiative and 83 5 of the publicly listed companies in the CA100 Net Zero Company Benchmark both comprising airlines and shipping categories are assessed in the WBA Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector. The CA100 Net Zero Company Benchmark published its latest results on 13 October 2022. 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report 6 Five key findings The 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector shows an industry with an illusion of progress companies report many targets and commitments to net zero, without the necessary details, financial clarity and collaborative action needed to turn low-carbon transition commitments into action. Transport companies’ activities are all about connecting people and goods geographically. They need to show leadership in connecting and collaborating with other sectors and stakeholders to enable the low-carbon transition and alignment with the 1.5°C goal. It is not impossible for companies to get a sound rating on the ACT assessment evidence from the Transport methodology roadtest shows that the best score achieved in that pilot assessment, using public and private data, was 12A. The findings also show that overall, only a minority of the assessed companies are engaged with a just transition, if undertaking a low-carbon transition at all. As with the low-carbon assessment, companies demonstrate some commitment but little action in relation to the social impacts of the transition. A just transition requires urgent attention from companies and policymakers. A concerted effort is needed to bring people along in the transformation. Lack of action by companies could arguably risk the success of the low-carbon transition and could lead to increased inequality, mass unemployment and civil unrest. Key finding 1 Even though over half of the assessed transport companies have set long-term net-zero targets, their low-carbon transition plans lack detail, depth and intermediate targets. This limits sufficient tracking of their progress towards the Paris goals. 51 46 of the 90 companies in the benchmark have set net-zero targets. Four out of 90 have 1.5°C targets validated by the Science Based Targets initiative SBTi. However, many of the companies lack interim targets and details in their low-carbon transition plans, which are necessary to demonstrate a credible path to achieving their commitments. Of the companies with net-zero targets, 50 23 have not conducted scenario analysis, 65 30 do not include any financial details in their transition plans and 87 40 have not set any targets between 2030 and their targeted net-zero year. Companies need to back up their commitments with detailed roadmaps showing how they will move forward on a 1.5°C-aligned path. The road ahead most companies have targets but need more detail Transport companies are responding to the expectation that they should set net-zero targets just over half 51 of the 90 companies have set one. By comparison, our 2021 findings showed that 52 of the companies in WBA’s Electric Utilities Benchmark had set net-zero targets, while only 22 of companies in the Oil and Gas Benchmark and 17 of companies in the Automotive Benchmark had done the same. The majority of the transport companies are aiming to achieve net zero by 2050, and 11 companies have set this target for earlier. However, only ten of the companies have committed to achieving net 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report 7 zero without the use of carbon offsets. Most of the companies have not clearly set out how they plan to achieve their targets, which undermines the credibility of their ambitions. Only eight of the companies with net-zero targets have set more than one intermediate target between now and their targeted net-zero year, and only six have set any targets between 2030 and their net-zero year American Airlines Group, FirstGroup, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Royal Mail plc, United Airlines and Go-Ahead Group. This is a crucial period for emissions reductions if these companies actually expect to reach net zero by 2050 or earlier. The lack of targets for this period raises questions about how the companies plan to achieve their long-term targets and casts doubt on their ability to achieve the goals they have set in their transition plans. None of the companies has set intermediate targets spaced at regular gaps of no more than five years. Setting regularly spaced interim targets is crucial as it increases the credibility of a company’s low-carbon transition planning and incentivises short-term action towards longer-term goals. The coverage of the companies’ targets can also be strengthened only 19 of all the assessed targets cover scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. Further, only 29 26 of the 90 companies disclose sufficient data to assess alignment with their 1.5°C pathway. Of these companies, 13 were found to have targets fully aligned with their 1.5°C pathway. Additionally, 11 of the 90 companies have had their targets validated by the SBTi, but only four of these have set targets in line with 1.5°C. However, a further 17 companies have committed to having their targets validated by the SBTi, which can help these companies set robust targets and be held accountable for achieving them. FIGURE 1 TRANSPORT COMPANIES ON NET-ZERO GOALS 2022 Climate and Energy Benchmark on the Transport Sector Insights Report 8 FIGURE 2 QUALITY OF NET-ZERO TARGETS OF TRANSPORT COMPANIES Reaching the destination low-carbon transition plans should be stronger Detailed low-carbon transition planning that includes financial commitments is crucial to ensure that a company’s long-term targets are realistic and achievable. A transition plan should outline how an organisation plans to align with a 1.5°C world. 80 72 of the companies have elements of a transition plan; however, many of them lack details and commitments. Of the 72 companies, 49 provide no financial details related to their transition planning and the majority do not include a vision of how they realistically expect their low-carbon business models to operate in the future. Many of these companies will soon be required to disclose transition plans, for example, under the UK government’s new Sustainability Disclosure Requirements, the disclosure frameworks developed by