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Ocean Energy Key trends and statistics 2021 March 20222 3 DISCLAIMER This publication contains information collected on a regular basis throughout the year and then verified with relevant members of the industry ahead of publication. Neither Ocean Energy Europe, nor its members, nor their related entities are, by means of this publication, rendering professional advice or services. Neither Ocean Energy Europe nor its members shall be responsible for any loss whatsoever sustained by any person who relies on this publication. TEXT AND ANALYSIS Rémi Collombet EDITORS Amy Parsons, Rémi Gruet DESIGN JQROS Visual Communications COVER PHOTO Courtesy of Mocean Energy - Colin Keldie Table of contents Key findings 4 Europe The ocean energy industry bounces back.6 Global perspective 13 Project spotlight .16 2021 ocean energy highlights 18 New industry and investment milestones in 2021 20 New support mechanisms for demonstration projects .23 2022 outlook Sustained growth ahead .24 Tidal stream Installed capacity jumps back to pre-pandemic levels.6 Wave energy Deployments on the rise again. 10Key findings Europe The ocean energy industry bounces back TIDAL STREAM TIDAL STREAM 1 MW 1.1 MW 11.5 MW 68 GWh Installed capacity jumps back to pre-pandemic levels Deployments on the rise again Steady growth for both tidal and wave around the world A new step towards industrialisation of capacity is slated for installation. Tidal energy hits is currently in the water. power production milestone. Rest of World 2022 outlook 2021 Milestones WAVE ENERGY WAVE ENERGY WAVE ENERGY TIDAL STREAM 1.4 MW 30.2 MW 12.7 MW installed in Europe since 2010. installed in Europe since 2010. is currently in the water. CUMULATIVE INSTALLATIONS CUMULATIVE INSTALLATIONS A tenfold increase on 2020 s capacity additions. 2.2 MW 681 kW capacity added. A threefold increase despite pandemic-related delays. capacity added. 2021 INSTALLATIONS 2021 INSTALLATIONS EUROPE EUROPE OUTSIDE OF EUROPE OUTSIDE OF EUROPE €70M attracted in private and public investments. Australia deploys its first utility-scale wave device. of capacity is slated for installation. of capacity is slated for installation. of capacity is slated for installation. 1.4 MW 2.8 MW WAVE ENERGY TIDAL STREAM Global total since 2010 TIDAL STREAM 39.6 MW CUMULATIVE INSTALLATIONS 24.7 MW CUMULATIVE INSTALLATIONS 3,120 kW 2021 INSTALLATIONS 1,385 kW 2021 INSTALLATIONS WAVE ENERGY New European turbines installed in Large European OEMs joined the ocean energy market. European developers secure new export projects in Indonesia and the Caribbean. New support mechanisms for demonstration projects The UK launches new renewable energy auctions with dedicated support for tidal stream. Spain launches offshore renewables roadmap. The USA makes its largest public investment in ocean energy to date. AUSTRALIA CANADA JAPAN6 7 Annual Cumulative Cumulative capacity additions kW Annual capacity additions kW 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 Annual Cumulative Cumulative number of turbines Annual number of turbines 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Europe The ocean energy industry bounces back TIDAL STREAM Installed capacity jumps back to pre-pandemic levels Figure 1 Annual and cumulative tidal stream capacity in Europe Tenfold increase in capacity additions Annual installations – 2.2 MW of new tidal stream capacity was deployed in Europe in 2021, up from 260 kW in 2020. This tenfold increase was expected, as several projects postponed from 2020 went ahead in 2021. The next major capacity increase in tidal stream is now expected around 2025, with a new generation of tidal arrays in the pipeline. Source Ocean Energy Europe EUROPE TIDAL STREAM New designs Three devices were deployed in Europe in 2021 as part of demonstration projects. These devices are a good example of the various approaches and designs adopted by developers to conquer the tidal market. With its O2 machine, Scottish Orbital Marine Power went for a floating horizontal-axis turbine design, with low OM costs. The company is focussing on high-capacity devices, aimed at the mainstream, utility-scale market. The 100 kW prototype installed this year by Swedish developer Minesto is the second iteration of its innovative model. The company is currently targeting island markets and ocean currents with its tidal kites. Water2Energy has designed and installed a vertical axis turbine that can extract power from tidal currents around locks, docks and dams. The developer is taking advantage of the Netherlands specific tidal resource and infrastructure, creating a technology tailored to function in existing coastal structures. Cumulative installations – 30.2 MW of tidal stream technology has been deployed in Europe since 2010. Of this, 11.5 MW is currently operating, and 18.7 MW has been decommissioned as projects successfully complete their testing programmes. On top of these new devices, the Magallanes ATIR platform was also re-deployed, bumping up the operating capacity figure for 2021. Figure 2 Annual and cumulative tidal turbine installations in Europe Source Ocean Energy Europe Despite lockdowns and worldwide supply chain disruptions, the ocean energy sector hit several significant milestones in 2021 and installations rebounded after a dip in 2020. New devices were deployed along the Atlantic, the North Sea and the Mediterranean, several exciting new projects were announced, while political support and investments also increased. 8 9 Figure 3 European tidal stream deployments in 2021 Several new installations around the North Sea Minesto added another tidal kite to its first commercial project in the Faroe Islands. Supported by the local energy utility, this successful deployment and the extension of Minesto’s PPA shows the strong commitment of the Faroe Islands to develop and integrate tidal stream as part of their energy mix. The O2 installation in Scotland was mainly driven by European funding programmes. Building on its historical leadership and quality infrastructure, Scotland remains the most advanced European hub for testing and demonstration of ocean energy technologies. Boosted by the emergence of newer developers, the Dutch market is also becoming more active as several tidal developers will be deploying devices in the coming years. Source Ocean Energy Europe Tidal energy hits 68 GWh milestone in 2021 Electricity production from tidal farms and demonstration projects slowed slightly last year. This was mainly due to some extended maintenance work on the first generation of European tidal farms, 5 years after their start of operations. Led by the ‘flagship’ Meygen, EnFAIT and Oosterschelde arrays, along with new deployments, the European tidal stream sector exported close to 8 GWh last year – enough to power around 2,000 households. New generation units - such as Orbital Marine Power’s O2 and Minesto’s Deep Green kites - were deployed and tested in the second half of 2021 and electricity production from these devices is expected to increase in the coming months. Country Map ref. Location Device developer Device name Type Capacity device kW Number of turbines FAROE ISLANDS 1 Vestmannasund Minesto DG100 Kite 100 1 UK SCOTLAND 2 Orkney Orbital Marine Power O2 Horizontal Axis 2000 1 THE NETHERLANDS 3 Port of Den Helder Water2Energy VAWT Vertical Axis 100 1 UK SCOTLAND 4 Orkney Magallanes Renovables 1 ATIR Horizontal Axis 1500 1 map EUROPE TIDAL STREAM EUROPE TIDAL STREAM 1 1 2 4 3 Cumulative 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 Cumulative MWh Produced Figure 4 Cumulative MWh produced by tidal stream in Europe Source Ofgem Renewables and CHP Register, public releases from developers, information supplied to OEE by developers 1 Redeployment of the Magallanes Renovables ATIR platform previously tested at EMEC in 2019 – now rated at 1.5 MW10 WAVE ENERGY Deployments on the rise again Figure 5 Annual and cumulative wave energy capacity in Europe New capacity additions despite pandemic-related delays Annual installations – 681 kW of wave energy was installed in Europe in 2021, with capacity additions tripling compared to 2020. This is an impressive feat, as the global pandemic still severely impacted manufacturing, supply chains and deployment windows. Source Ocean Energy Europe Cumulative installations – 12.7 MW of wave energy has been installed in Europe since 2010. 1.4 MW is currently in the water and 11.3 MW has been decommissioned following the successful completion of testing programmes. EUROPE WAVE ENERGY EUROPE WAVE ENERGY Cumulative capacity additions kW Annual capacity additions kW Annual Cumulative 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Annual Cumulative Cumulative WEC deployments Annual WEC deployments 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Europe remains at the epicentre of wave energy deployments Five devices were deployed in Europe in 2021, including a number of sub-scale devices, signalling a healthy RD environment. The 2021 cohort showed once again a diversity of designs – four different types of technologies across five deployments. This is partly due to the wide variety of wave resources targeted by developers, e.g., both strong and mild wave climates, nearshore and offshore etc. Figure 6 Annual and cumulative wave energy converter WEC deployments in Europe Source Ocean Energy Europe Photo Havkraft 1112 Figure 7 European wave energy deployments in 2021 New deployments in most European sea basins Scotland, the Netherlands and the Iberian Peninsula are becoming hotspots for wave energy development, with several installations in 2021 and more planned in the coming years. This can mainly be explained by increasing political support in the region, and substantial public funding aimed at progressing the technology. Support for testing in real-sea conditions drove the majority of deployments this year and should continue doing so until 2025. Source Ocean Energy Europe EUROPE WAVE ENERGY Country Map ref. Location Device developer Device name Type Capacity device kW Number of turbines Scale NORWAY 1 Haddal Havkraft HWEC Oscillating water column 30 1 0110 UK SCOTLAND 2 Orkney MOCEAN Blue X Attenuator 10 1 0110 THE NETHERLANDS 3 Port of Den Helder Slow Mill Slow Mill Point absorber 40 1 0110 CYPRUS 4 Larnaca Bay SWEL WLM Attenuator 1.4 1 SPAIN 5 Bay of Biscay Wello Oy Penguin 2 Rotating mass 600 1 1 2 3 1 5 4 TIDAL STREAM Canada and Japan lead capacity additions outside Europe New European turbines installed in Canada and Japan European developers continued to drive global tidal energy installations in 2021. Three European-led pilot farms are progressing well in Nova Scotia, with new grants and industrial partners announced. Sustainable Marine is the most advanced of the trio, with the first of its 420 kW floating tidal devices deployed in 2021. Meanwhile, Scottish tidal energy developer SIMEC Atlantis Energy also made headlines by manufacturing and installing a 500 kW tidal turbine in Japan’s Naru Strait. Global perspective 39.6 MW of tidal stream and 24.7 MW of wave energy have been deployed globally since 2010. The ocean energy industry weathered the Covid-19 storm and deployments are now back on track despite global supply-chain disruptions. Canada, China and the USA remain the main ocean energy markets outside of Europe in 2021, with stable public support mechanisms. The USA significantly increased grant investments into the sector, reaching US200m €193m in a single year. Beyond these deployments, significant additions also took place in Australia, Japan and Chile. Photo Sustainable Marine 1315 Figure 8 Installed global tidal stream energy capacity Source Ocean Energy Europe Source Ocean Energy Europe Country Device developer Device name Type Capacity device kW Number of turbines CANADA Sustainable Marine Plat-I Horizontal axis 420 6 JAPAN SIMEC Atlantis AR500 Horizontal axis 500 1 GLOBAL WAVE ENERGY Cumulative capacity additions kW Annual capacity additions kW Annual - Europe Annual - Rest of the world Cumulative - Europe Cumulative - Rest of the world 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Figure 9 Tidal stream installations outside Europe in 2021 GLOBAL TIDAL STREAM Five devices were installed beyond Europe, of which four were full-scale prototypes. Australian Wave Swell Energy deployed a large oscillating water column device, aimed at utility markets, while its Chinese and American counterparts focussed more on niche markets, such as powering offshore observation devices. International wave energy projects were still severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Several full- scale deployments were delayed and now are expected in 2022 in China and the USA. Figure 10 Installed global wave energy capacity Source Ocean Energy Europe Source Ocean Energy Europe Country Device Developer Device name Type Capacity kW Number of devices AUSTRALIA Wave Swell Energy Uniwave OWC 200 1 CHILE OPT PB3 Point absorber 3 1 CHINA Hangzhou Huge Wave Energy Technology Unknown Point absorber 0.3 1 USA Calwave X1 Point absorber Unknown 1 CHINA GIEC Changshan Attenuator 500 1 Cumulative capacity additions kW Annual capacity additions kW Annual - Europe Annual - Rest of the world Cumulative - Europe Cumulative - Rest of the world 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Figure 11 Wave energy deployments beyond Europe in 2021 WAVE ENERGY Several full-scale installations around the globe Photo SIMEC Atlantis Energy 14ORBITAL MARINE POWER Deploying the world’s largest tidal turbine WELLO OY A new generation of full-scale wave energy converter Orbital Marine Power’s O2 started generating grid-connected power at the European Marine Energy Centre in Orkney this year. The floating 2 MW turbine is connected to the local onshore electricity network. The O2 is expected to operate in Orkney’s fast-flowing waters for the next 15 years, producing enough clean, predictable power to meet the annual electricity demand of around 2,000 UK homes. Wello’s second-generation, full-scale wave energy converter has been deployed at the Biscay Marine Energy Platform BiMEP in Spain. The 600 kW device will undergo tests and trials in real-world ocean conditions for two years, during which Wello is aiming to achieve full validation of its wave energy conversion technology. 16 17
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