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2017 Annual Review NC CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER February 2018The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 1 AUTHORS John Bonitz, Clean Transportation Specialist Heather Brutz, Clean Transportation Program Manager Stefani Buster, JD, Energy Policy Volunteer Allison Carr, Clean Transportation Specialist Brian Lips, Senior Policy Project Manager Autumn Proudlove, Manager of Policy Research The NC Clean Energy Technology Center is a UNC System-chartered Public Service Center administered by the College of Engineering at North Carolina State University. Its mission is to advance a sustainable energy economy by educating, demonstrating and providing support for clean energy technologies, practices, and policies. The Center provides service to the businesses and citizens of North Carolina and beyond relating to the development and adoption of clean energy technologies. Through its programs and activities, the Center envisions and seeks to promote the development and use of clean energy in ways that stimulate a sustainable economy while reducing dependence on foreign sources of energy and mitigating the environmental impacts of fossil fuel use. CONTACT Autumn Proudlove afproudlncsu.edu Heather Brutz hmbrutzncsu.edu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Tom Stanton of the National Regulatory Research Institute for his review of a draft of this report. PREFERRED CITATION North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center, The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review, February 2018. COVER DESIGN CREDIT Cover design is by Capital City Creative. DISCLAIMER While the authors strive to provide the best information possible, neither the NC Clean Energy Technology Center nor NC State University make any representations or warranties, either express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability or suitability of the information. The NC Clean Energy Technology Center and NC State University disclaim all The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 2 liability of any kind arising out of use or misuse of the information contained or referenced within this report. Readers are invited to contact the authors with proposed corrections or additions. PREVIOUS EDITIONS AND OTHER 50 STATES REPORTS In addition to The 50 States of Electric Vehicles, the NC Clean Energy Technology Center publishes two additional quarterly reports entitled The 50 States of Grid Modernization and The 50 States of Solar. Full versions of these reports, as well as annual subscriptions, may be purchased at https//commerce.cashnet.com/NCSU-NCCETC. Previous editions of The 50 States of Grid Modernization are available for download at www.nccleantech.ncsu.edu/the-50-states-reports/ or by clicking here  Q4 2017 Executive Summary  Q3 2017 Full Report | Executive Summary  Q2 2017 Full Report | Executive Summary  Q1 2017 Full Report | Executive Summary Previous editions of The 50 States of Solar are available for download at www.nccleantech.ncsu.edu/the-50-states-reports/ or by clicking below.  Q4 2017 and 2017 Policy Review – Executive Summary  Q3 2017 Executive Summary  Q2 2017 Executive Summary  Q1 2017 Executive Summary  Q4 2016 and 2016 Policy Review – Executive Summary  Q3 2016 Executive Summary  Q2 2016  Q1 2016  Q4 2015 and 2015 Policy Review  Q3 2015  Q2 2015  Q1 2015  Q4 2014 The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 3 ABOUT THE REPORT PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to provide state and local lawmakers and regulators, electric utilities, the electric power industry, the transportation industry, and other energy stakeholders with timely, accurate, and unbiased updates about how states are choosing to study, adopt, implement, amend, or discontinue policies associated with electric vehicles. This report catalogues proposed and approved legislative, regulatory, and utility rate design changes affecting electric vehicles during the most recent quarter, as well as state and investor-owned utility proposals to deploy electric vehicles and charging infrastructure. APPROACH The authors identified relevant policy changes and deployment proposals through state utility commission docket searches, legislative bill searches, popular press, and direct communications with stakeholders and regulators in the industry. Questions Addressed This report addresses several questions about the U.S. electric vehicle landscape, including  How are states addressing barriers to electric vehicle and charging infrastructure deployment  What policy actions are states taking to grow markets for electric vehicles and related infrastructure  How are utilities designing rates to influence charging behavior of electric vehicle owners  Where and how are states and utilities proposing deployment of electric vehicles and electric vehicle charging infrastructure Actions Included This report focuses on cataloguing and describing important proposed and adopted policy changes related to electric vehicles. For the purpose of this report, the definition of electric vehicle includes all-electric vehicles EVs, hybrid electric vehicles HEVs, and plug-in electric vehicles PHEVs. In order to explore all policy actions related to electric vehicles, this report catalogs and describes actions related to the deployment of electric vehicle charging equipment, which is often referred to as electric vehicle supply equipment EVSE. Additionally, the electric The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 4 grid is impacted by electric vehicle charging, so legislative and regulatory actions related to electric utilities are included in this report. In general, this report considers an “action” to be a relevant 1 legislative bill that has been introduced, 2 executive order, or 3 regulatory docket, utility rate case, or rulemaking proceeding. Only statewide actions and those related to investor-owned utilities are included in this report. Specifically, actions tracked in this issue include Studies and Investigations Legislative or regulatory-led efforts to study electric vehicles specifically, or electric vehicles as part of a broader grid modernization study or investigation. Regulation Changes to state rules related to electric vehicles, including registration fees, homeowner association limitations, and electricity resale regulations affecting vehicle charging. Utility Rate Design Proposed or approved changes to investor-owned utility rate design for electric vehicles, including new electric vehicle tariffs and significant changes to existing electric vehicle tariffs. Market Development New state policy proposals or changes to existing policies aimed at growing the electric vehicle market. Financial Incentives New state or investor-owned utility incentive programs or changes to existing incentive programs for electric vehicles and charging infrastructure. State and Utility Deployment Utility-initiated requests, as well as proposed legislation, to deploy electric vehicles or charging infrastructure. Actions Excluded This report currently excludes actions taken by utilities that are not state-regulated, such as municipal utilities and electric cooperatives in many states. The report also excludes actions related to grid modernization without an explicit electric vehicle component, as well as actions related to general time-varying rates not specific to electric vehicle charging; these types of actions are tracked in the 50 States of Grid Modernization report series. The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2017 ELECTRIC VEHICLE ACTION In 2017, 43 states plus DC took a total of 227 legislative and regulatory actions related to electric vehicles. Table 1 provides a summary of state and utility actions occurring during 2017. Of the 227 actions catalogued, the most common were related to Regulation 70, followed by Financial Incentives 53, and Market Development 36. Table 1. 2017 Summary of Electric Vehicle Actions Type of Action of Actions by Type of States Regulation 70 31 34 Financial Incentives 53 23 19 DC Market Development 36 16 17 Studies and Investigations 27 12 20 DC Deployment 24 11 17 DC Rate Design 17 7 13 DC Total 227 100 43 States DC Note The “ of States/ Districts” total is not the sum of the rows because some states have multiple actions. Percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100. TOP ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY TRENDS OF 2017 Six of the year’s most notable electric vehicle policy trends are noted below. Policymakers and Regulators Addressing Barriers to Charging Infrastructure Development Many state legislatures and regulatory commissions are working to address existing barriers to charging infrastructure development. Some legislatures considered bills to prohibit homeowner associations from restricting charging installations, while other legislatures and commissions addressed rules relating to public utility regulation and the resale of electricity. Investigation of Electric Vehicles as Part of Broader Grid Modernization Efforts As many states initiate broad investigations into grid modernization, electric vehicles are frequently being addressed in these discussions. Working groups or presentations related to electric vehicles were included as part of several of these proceedings, including those in Illinois, Maryland, Ohio, and Rhode Island. The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 6 Funding for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Moving Beyond Level 2 Charging Funding for electric vehicle charging infrastructure is moving beyond support for Level 2 charging, with several states and utilities considering new funding for DC fast charging. Efforts to fund medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles are also underway, as broader electrification of the transportation sector is considered. Figure 1. 2017 Legislative and Regulatory Action on Electric Vehicles Utilities Proposing Dedicated Electric Vehicle Charging Rates Increasing attention is being paid to rate design for electric vehicle charging, with utilities working to encourage electric vehicle owners to charge their vehicles during periods of low system peak demand, while avoiding charging during periods of peak demand. Several utilities proposed new charging tariffs or the extension of pilot tariffs during 2017, while some states are directing utilities to develop tariffs for electric vehicle charging. The 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 7 Figure 2. Most Active States of 2017 Expanding Incentives for Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure States and utilities took a total of 53 actions related to electric vehicles and charging infrastructure during 2017. While a small number of these actions aimed to reduce or shorten existing incentive programs, the majority of these actions would create new financial incentives, or extend or expand the eligibility requirements for existing incentive programs. 0 5 10 15 20 25 Utah Nevada Missouri Illinois Arizona Maryland Michigan Hawaii Washington Florida Connecticut Rhode Island Oregon New Jersey Minnesota Massachusetts New York California of Actions Studies Investigations Regulation Rate Design Market Development Incentives DeploymentThe 50 States of Electric Vehicles 2017 Policy Review Executive Summary | 8 States Considering Additional Fees for Electric Vehicle Owners The most common type of action taken in 2017 was the consideration of additional fees for electric vehicles. Many states are facing declining gasoline tax revenue, due to increasing vehicle efficiency and adoption of alternative fuel vehicles, and are looking to make up this shortfall by establishing additional registration or other fees for electric and hybrid vehicles. Figure 3. Top Electric Vehicle Actions of 2017 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Multi-Unit Building EVSE Rules HOA Rules Electric Vehicle Procurement Electric Vehicle Parking HOV Lane Access Grant Program Electricity Resale Grid Modernization Study Income Tax Credit Sales Tax Incentive Fast Charging Deployment Electric Bicycles Level 2 Charging Deployment Electric Vehicle Study Electric Vehicle Rate Tariff Rebate Program Fees of Actions