双面组件的标定和型式认可要求-李宁达-solarbe文库

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李宁达 Michael Li 太阳能 /燃料电池技术服务莱茵技术（上海）有限公司双面组件的标定和型式认可要求 TÜV Rheinland – Business Solutions for Solar Energy Worldwide 13.11.2018 2 Our global network for PV Business Quality, safety and reliability around the world  20,000 employees worldwide 全球 20000雇员  35 years experience in PV module testing and power plant inspections 在光伏组件测试和光伏电站检验领域拥有 35年经验  250 Solar Experts 250位光伏专家  6 PV Laboratories 6个光伏实验室  5 Outdoor Test Sites in different climates 5个气候不同的户外测试基地 Outlook for bifacial technology in the future 双面技术的未来展望 13.11.2018 3 International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic Results 2016 incl. maturity report， ITRPV 2018 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 4 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC BSTC 双面标准测试条件介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱茵双面组件 IV测试介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以及双面组件的认证 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 5 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC BSTC 双面标准测试条件介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱茵双面组件 IV测试介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以及双面组件的认证 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面光伏组件简介 13.11.2018 6 Bifacial solar cell 双面太阳能电池片 Power generation from both sides 双面发电 High integrated efficiency 光电转换率高 Low LID effect for n-type 低光诱导衰减效应 n-型电池 Courtesy of C.Reise, TÜV Rheinland-Sandia PV monitoring and modeling workshop, Fraunhofer ISE, Cologne, October 2015 h.a.l.m. 2015 Double trouble PV magazine 04.2015 pp. 94 Advantages 优势 Disadvantages 劣势 Higher contribution on array yield 产电量较高 Better appearance 组件更美观 Flexibility in application 应用灵活 Potential on technology improvement 技术提升的潜力 Higher cost 成本较高 Uncertainty for system design and end-user 对系统设计和终端用户的不确定性 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 7 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC BSTC 双面标准测试条件介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱茵双面组件 IV测试介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以及双面组件的认证 Irradiance sun, sky Mounting construction Module quality Height to horizontal ground Tilt angle Ground albedo Key factors affecting performance and energy yield 性能和产电量的主要影响因素 13.11.2018 8 辐照度安装条件组件质量倾斜角度地面反射率离地高度 Irradiance sun, sky Mounting construction Module quality Height to horizontal ground Tilt angle Ground albedo Key factors affecting performance and energy yield 性能和产电量的主要影响因素 13.11.2018 9 辐照度安装条件组件质量离地高度倾斜角度地面反射率 IEC 60904-3 STC and reference spectral irradiance STC和参考光谱辐照度 13.11.2018 10 Module temperature 组件温度 25° C Total irradiance总辐照度 1000 W/m² Angle of Incidence入射角度 0° Spectral irradiance 光谱辐照度 AM 1.5G spectral irradiance as defined in IEC 60904-3 The performance data of PV modules are commonly referred to the internationally agreed “Standard Test Conditions 标准测试条件 STC”. Earth surface Atmosphere Zenith Zenith angle 48° AM 1 37° Test area 天顶角大气层地球表面测试区域 IEC 60904-3 defines the reference solar spectral irradiance as the result of a computer simulation carried out by SMARTS.  Direct and diffuse light components 直射和散射  No surrounding obstacles, or shading 无周边干扰物或者遮挡  37° tilted surface 37° 倾斜角  0.21 ground reflectance albedo light sandy soil 0.21地表反射  370 ppm CO2 volume mixing ratio no pollution 370ppm CO2 浓度  1.4164 cm atmospheric water contant 大气水含量  0.3438 atm-cm atmospheric ozone content 臭氧含量  0.084 turbidity at 500 nm aerosol optical depth 气溶胶光学厚度  1 atm at sea level 一个大气压强背面辐照度的定义 11 Field parameter 参数 Bifacial reference condition 针对双面组件的参考条件 Beam 𝜑𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑉𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 ; 𝜑𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 ; 𝜑 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝜑𝐼𝑠𝑐, 𝜑𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥; 3. I-V characterization I-V测试 Indoor at “equivalent” irradiance levels, 𝐺𝐸𝑖 3 levels 等效辐照度 𝐺𝐸𝑖 1000𝑊𝑚−2 𝜑 ∙𝐺𝑅𝑖 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖 1,2,3, Verification of BSTC values on the rated label Gate 1 铭牌 BSTC参数验证 Gate 1 13.11.2018 18 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 BSTC 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 BSTC 𝑉𝑜𝑐 BSTC 𝐼𝑠𝑐 BSTC 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 BSTC for minimum power class                   100 –1NP 100 1L a b 1 m a x 1 m a x B S T C B S T C B S T C B S T C tPmP      NP100 1L a b m a x 1m a x B S T CB S T CB S T C PmP                          100 1NP 100 1L a b 2 o c B S T C 2 o c B S T C B S T CB S T C tVmV                    1 0 0 1NP 1 0 0 1L a b 3 sc B S T C 3 sc B S T C B S T CB S T C tImI                    100 1NP 100 1L a b 1 m a x 1 m a x B S T C B S T C B S T C B S T C tPmP Example of nameplate design for bifacial PV modules 双面组件的铭牌设计举例 13.11.2018 19 Electrical Data STC BSTC Nominal Power 300 W ±3, k2 330 W ±3.5, k2 Rated Voltage Vmpp 30.8 V 31.0 V Rated Current Impp 9.20 A 10.10 A Open-Circuit Voltage Voc 38.5 V ±1, k2 39.0 V ±1.2, k2 Short-Circuit Current Isc 9.40 A ±2.8, k2 10.20 A ±3, k2 Bifaciality φ 0.7 ±0.05, k2 Maximum System Voltage 1000 V DC Maximum Series Fuse 20 A Power Temp Coef. Pmpp -0.4 / K Voltage Temp Coef. Voc -0.31 / K Current Temp Coef. Isc 0.05 / K STC AM1.5G; Temp. 25oC; Irradiance 1000 W/m2 BSTC AM1.5G; Temp. 25oC; Irradiance 1000 φ·135 W/m2 Example of nameplate design for bifacial PV modules 双面组件的铭牌设计举例 13.11.2018 20 Electrical Data STC BSTC Nominal Power 300 W ±3, k2 330 W ±3.5, k2 Rated Voltage Vmpp 30.8 V 31.0 V Rated Current Impp 9.20 A 10.10 A Open-Circuit Voltage Voc 38.5 V ±1, k2 39.0 V ±1.2, k2 Short-Circuit Current Isc 9.40 A ±2.8, k2 10.20 A ±3, k2 Bifaciality φ 0.7 ±0.05, k2 Maximum System Voltage 1000 V DC Maximum Series Fuse 20 A Power Temp Coef. Pmpp -0.4 / K Voltage Temp Coef. Voc -0.31 / K Current Temp Coef. Isc 0.05 / K STC AM1.5G; Temp. 25oC; Irradiance 1000 W/m2 BSTC AM1.5G; Temp. 25oC; Irradiance 1000 φ·135 W/m2 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 21 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC BSTC 双面标准测试条件介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱茵双面组件 IV测试介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以及双面组件的认证 Certification for bifacial PV module 双面组件的认证双面组件的型式认可需满足 IEC的认证要求和 2PfG的要求 13.11.2018 22 IEC 61215 2016 and IEC 61730 2016 Enough confidence with stricter safety tests 2PfG 2645/11.17 Supplementary Power Rating of Bifacial Photovoltaic PV Modules 2PfG 2665/06.18 Additional Testing Requirements of Bifacial Photovoltaic PV Modules Certification for bifacial PV module 双面组件的认证 13.11.2018 23 2018年 10月在韩国釜山的 IEC TC82 WG2工作组会议中， TÜV莱茵牵头开发以双面标准测试条件（ BSTC）为核心的双面组件标定（ 2PfG 2645/11.17）和可靠性验证测试方法（ 2PfG 2665/06.18）得到了与会专家们的肯定，最终会议决定接收来自 TÜV莱茵关于双面组件的 2PfG标准作为后续标准修订的参考依据。 Reported Field Failures for Bifacial Modules 双面组件失效类型的汇总 13.11.2018 24 Reported Field Failures for Bifacial Modules 双面组件失效类型的汇总 13.11.2018 25 Reliability Excessive working current LID FF Loss Bypass Diode Hot-spot Glass / Frame Breakage Effect of Albedo on Total Irradiance MoFi Vs. BiFi 反射对总辐照度的影响单面 VS双面 13.11.2018 26 Wet Soil Grass Concrete Sand Old Snow Fresh Snow AM1.5G This work 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 To tal Irr adia nc e [W/m2 ] Albedo MoFi BiFi Test Sequence 2PfG 2665/06.18 相关测试项目的补充测试条件 13.11.2018 27 Combined Test Sequence IEC 61215 61730 相关测试项目的补充测试条件 13.11.2018 28 Bypass diode thermal test MQT 18/MST 25 Hot-spot endurance test MQT 09/MST 22 MQT01 MQT18.2 Reverse current overload test MST 26 Temperature test MST 21 MST01 MST17 MST16 MQT15 MQT03 Thermal cycling test 200 cycles MQT 11/MST 51 MST01 MST17 MST16 Thermal cycling test 50 cycles MQT 11/MST 51 MST01 MST16 MST01 MST17 MST16 MQT01 MQT15 MQT03 MQT02 Test items influenced 针对双面加严的相关测试项目 13.11.2018 29  更高电流可靠性测试验证对应的等效辐照度 GE 1000W/m2 φ·300W/m2 Current application in relevant tests is revised as follows to account for GE 1000W/m2 φ·300W/m2  Pass/Fail criteria still based on BSTC measurement 1000 φ·135 W/m²  功率衰减的通过和失败的判据基于正面的 BSTC条件测量的功率衰减结果测试项目单面光伏组件双面光伏组件应用的 Impp → ImppGE MST 21 – 温度测试接近 Impp 数值的电流接近 ImppGE 数值的电流 MQT 11/ MST 51 – 热循环测试在测试序列中应用 Impp 在测试序列中应用 ImppGE MQT 09/ MST 22 – 热斑耐久测试在选择热斑敏感电池片和遮挡率时应用 Impp 在选择热斑敏感电池片和遮挡率时应用 ImppGE 应用的 Isc → IscGE MQT 18/ MST 25 – 旁路二极管测试应用的电流 - 1st h Isc - 2nd h Isc 1.25 应用的电流 - 1st h IscGE - 2nd h IscGE 1.25 相关测试 MST 26 – 反向电流过载测试生产商声明的 IR 1.35 如果 n-1 IscGE 1.25 1.35 值更高的情况下应采用该值其中 n 为组件串最大可并联数量 Example Results – Bypass Diode Test （二极管测试） 13.11.2018 30 MQT 18/ MST 25 – Bypass diode test 二极管测试 D1 [℃ ] D2 [℃ ] D3 [℃ ] Tcase Isc 88.8 96.2 92.2 IscGE 98.5 105.0 101.2 ΔΤ 9.67 8.83 9.09 Tjunction Isc 95.8 104.8 105.9 IscGE 129.6 135.8 137.6 ΔΤ 33.8 31.0 31.7 where GE 1000W/m2 φ·300W/m2 1h at Isc x1.25 1h at IscGE x1.25 Tcase135.0°C Tcase118.4°C  测试数据基于不同生产商以及不同类型的双面组件，测试分别 Isc 和 IscGE两种条件下进行  测试结果均符合当前标准的判定要求  从测试数据上来看，双面条件下二极管结温普遍升高至多 20-30°C 可以预见随着组件的工作电流越来越大，测试过程会越来越严酷