【PVPMC】Fraunfor-Max-新型组件设计对功耗和成本的影响-solarbe文库

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©Fraunhofer ISE/Foto Guido Kirsch© Fraunhofer ISEFHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL The Impact Of Novel Module Designs On Power And Costs Module Concepts and Applications Max Mittag, Boris FarnungFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE13 th PVPMC WorkshopKunshan, 09.12.2019www.ise.fraunhofer.de © Fraunhofer ISE2FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEIntroductionn Established 1981 38 years agon DirectorsProf. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning Dr. Andreas Bettn Staff 1200 people n Budget 2018 incl. invest. 94.3 Mil. € Foto © Fraunhofer ISE / Guido Kirsch © Fraunhofer ISE3FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PhotovoltaicsNew Applications Integrated PV New applications Earth.com © Fraunhofer ISE4FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL New TechnologiesNew requirements CompetitivenessHalf cellsbifaciality Glass-GlassRound wiresshinglingNew cell concepts New products lower costsNew applications Earth.com © Fraunhofer ISE5FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Power and CostsCompetitivenessn Reduction of costsn Materialsn Manufacturingn System Integrationn Increase in module power efficiencyn Reduction in Lossesn Light Management n Heat Dissipation Cell-to-Module CTM AnalysisCost share in PV power plantscosts power  €Wp  © Fraunhofer ISE6FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Assessment of New Technologiesn What is the benefit of a new technology  Holistic evaluationn Complete loss analysis along the value chain wafer to systemn Techno-economic optimization €/kWh Mittag et al, „Approach for a Holistic Optimization from Wafer to PV System“, 2017 © Fraunhofer ISE7FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL CURRENT TRENDS IN PV MODULESn Half Cellsn Larger Solar Cells © Fraunhofer ISE8FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells © Fraunhofer ISE9FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Powern ½ cells ½ electrical currentn ½ current ¼ electrical losses Ploss I² x Rn Power losses due to cutting process 0.2absn More cell spacing more internal reflectionn More internal reflection more irradiance on solar cell n More irradiance on solar cell more power fewer but larger spacings more but narrower spacingsMittag et al, „Techno-Economic Analysis of Half Cell Modules“, 2019 © Fraunhofer ISE10FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Powern ½ cells ½ electrical currentn ½ current ¼ electrical losses Ploss I² x Rn Power losses due to cutting process 0.2absn More cell spacing more internal reflectionn More internal reflection more irradiance on solar cell n More irradiance on solar cell more power Higher module power output 2-3rel Full Cell Half Cell SmartCalc.CTMwww.cell-to-module.comfree demo version © Fraunhofer ISE11FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Costsn Cell splitting requires additional equipment and an additional process step Added manufacturing costsn Power gains compensate for manufacturing Higher costs per module €/pcs  Lower costs per Watt €/Wp absolute costs€ / module specific costs€ / Wp84.03 84.52 24.27 24.07 © Fraunhofer ISE12FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Operationn Power of solar cells depends on irradiancen More irradiance higher electrical currentn High currents high electrical losses High irradiance high electrical lossesn Power labeling of PV modules performed according to laboratory characterizationn Laboratory characterization uses high irradiance  Advantages of some concepts under- / overrated in laboratory characterization Investments in new technologies require Know-How Increasing advantage of half cells for high irradiance Advantage in outdoor operationAdvantage in laboratory © Fraunhofer ISE13FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassbacksheetglass glassglass © Fraunhofer ISE14FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassn No internal reflection gains Lower power output of the module 1 - 2n Glass is a good moisture barriern Solar cells in the neutral axis High reliability expected Module degradation after accelerated aging © Fraunhofer ISE15FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassn More light is passing through the module Less absorptionn Additional irradiance from the rear side albedo Additional absorptionn Glass is a thermal barrier Good insulation Glass-Glass may modules become warmer  Additional power losses in operation expected © Fraunhofer ISE16FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Assessment of New Technologiesn What is the benefit of a new technology  Holistic evaluationn Complete loss analysis along the value chain wafer to systemn Techno-economic optimization €/kWh Mittag et al, „Approach for a Holistic Optimization from Wafer to PV System“, 2017 © Fraunhofer ISE17FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignLarger Solar Cellsn Manufacturers now capable of producing larger wafersn Larger wafer  larger cell  more powern Same number of handling steps Lower costs €/Wpn Module and system integration of larger cells difficultn larger modules larger palettes less modules per truck  higher logistic costs Source Longi Solar © Fraunhofer ISE18FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignLarger Solar Cellsn Larger solar cells increase module powern No significant changes in module efficiencyn No 11 transfer of power gains from cells to modules Higher losses from cell-to-module n Impact on module manufacturers that are not vertically integratedn Buying cells selling modules €/Wp  CTM-power losses financial losses M2 M4 M6 cell area fsq 100.0 106.4 112.2 power [Wp] 321.8 341.7 359.0 power rel. 100.0 106.2 111.6 © Fraunhofer ISE19FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Summaryn Photovoltaics is a growing industry Cost reduction New marketsn New module technologies impact system performancen €/module or €/W p might be insufficient  €/kWh Holistic optimization necessary to harvest potentialsn Cost pressure affects all steps of the value chainn Wafer, cell, module, system reliability, logistics © Fraunhofer ISE20FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Thank you for your AttentionFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEMax Mittag, Boris Farnung www.ise.fraunhofer.demax.mittagise.fraunhofer.de SmartCalc.CTMwww.cell-to-module.comfree demo version